Use of Unannounced Telephone Pill Counts to Measure Medication Adherence Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living With Perinatal HIV Infection

Raymond, Jeannette; Bucek, Amelia; Dolezal, Curtis; Warne, Patricia; Benson, Stephanie; Abrams, Elaine J.; Elkington, Katherine S.; Kalichman, Seth C.; Kalichman, Moira O.; Mellins, Claude A.

doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsx064

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Longitudinal assessment would provide a clearer picture of patients' adherence over time, including the extent to which the same patients were persistently nonadherent (which could allow them to be targeted for additional support if identified) and what proportion of patients had sufficient cumulative adherence to receive preventive benefits. Finally, because we were not able to review pharmacy logs or patients' prescription bottles, we are unable to assess whether other more easily-observed data, such as refill records or pill counts [30], could have helped in identifying patients with suboptimal adherence. In summary, we observed urine metabolite evidence of >30% recent nonadherence to isoniazid preventive therapy among patients with HIV in two high-burden countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to tuberculosis preventive therapy measured by urine metabolite testing among people with HIV

Kendall¹,

Durovni

Martinson

et al. 2020

Aids

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to tuberculosis preventive therapy measured by urine metabolite testing among people with HIV

Kendall¹,

Durovni

Martinson

et al. 2020

Aids

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“…In addition to % adherence, a pre‐planned cut‐off of <80% adherence defined “low‐adherence” and ≥80% defined “high‐adherence,” a cut‐off that is commonly used in clinical trials and adherence research, and in a prior TODAY study when participants were youth 16 . Unannounced pill counts have been used extensively in studies of persons with HIV, including young adults 17 . Phone pill counts are reliable and valid compared to scheduled and in‐person home pill counts 18–20 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Unannounced pill counts have been used extensively in studies of persons with HIV, including young adults. 17 Phone pill counts are reliable and valid compared to scheduled and inperson home pill counts. [18][19][20] They have shown significant correlation with HIV viral load, establishing criterion validity.…”

Section: Adherence To Oral Hypoglycemia Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of psychosocial factors with medication adherence in emerging adults with youth‐onset type 2 diabetes: The i Count study

Trief

Kalichman²,

Uschner

et al. 2022

Pediatric Diabetes

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Aims To assess associations of psychosocial factors with medication adherence in young adults with youth‐onset type 2 diabetes in the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY2) cohort. Methods Participants (mean age 26 years) completed validated psychosocial measures. Adherence to oral hypoglycemia agents (OHAs) was assessed with 3‐monthly unannounced phone pill counts; insulin adherence by self‐report. Logistic and linear regressions identified factors associated with “low‐adherence” (<80% of pills/insulin) controlling for confounders. Results Of 212 participants taking OHAs (67% female, 39% Hispanic, 36% non‐Hispanic Black), 69.8% were low‐adherent. After adjustment, beliefs that medicines are necessary was associated with lower odds of low‐adherence (p = 0.040, dichotomous). Less self‐management support (p = 0.008), no healthcare coverage (p = 0.001), ≥1 (p = 0.008)/≥2 (p = 0.045) need insecurities were associated with higher odds of low‐adherence. Factors associated with lower % adherence (continuous) were beliefs that medicines are harmful (p < 0.001)/overused (p = 0.007)/less necessary (p = 0.022), low self‐management support (p = 0.003), food insecurity (p = 0.036), no healthcare coverage (p < 0.001), ≥1 (p = 0.003)/≥2 (p = 0.018) need insecurities. Of 192 taking insulin (69% female, 36% Hispanic, 41% non‐Hispanic Black, 16% non‐Hispanic white), 37.0% were low‐adherent. Beliefs that medicines are overused (p = 0.009), that diabetes is not serious (p = 0.010), low diabetes self‐efficacy (p = 0.035), high distress (p = 0.027), low self‐management support (p = 0.001), food insecurity (p = 0.020), ≥1 (p = 0.011)/≥2 (p = 0.015) insecurities increased odds of insulin low‐adherence. Conclusions Poor medication adherence, common in young adults with youth‐onset type 2 diabetes, is associated with interfering beliefs, diabetes distress and social factors. We must address these factors to develop tailored interventions for this vulnerable group.

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“…Multiple studies have shown that a telephone pill count can be used as a valid alternative for a homevisit pill count. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] These studies reported high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging between 0.98 and 0.99 when comparing the telephone pill count to a home-visit pill count [10][11][12] and also showed that a telephone pill count is a feasible and practical method. [10][11][12][13][14]16 However, previous studies were primarily conducted in people with HIV, [10][11][12][13]15 who are generally younger than people with T2D and CVD, take less different types of medication, and have fewer comorbidities.…”

Section: Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple studies have shown that a telephone pill count can be used as a valid alternative for a home‐visit pill count 10–16 . These studies reported high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging between 0.98 and 0.99 when comparing the telephone pill count to a home‐visit pill count 10–12 and also showed that a telephone pill count is a feasible and practical method 10–14,16 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of an Announced Telephone Pill Count Compared to a Home‐Visit Pill Count in People With Type 2 Diabetes or Cardiovascular Disease

Langendoen-Gort

Rutters

Huijts

et al. 2022

Clinical Pharm in Drug Dev

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We aimed to assess the validity of an announced telephone pill count in people with type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease by comparing this method to a home-visit pill count. We also assessed whether a second telephone pill count improved accuracy. People aged ≥35 years using oral type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease medication were included. Thirty-four participants completed a telephone pill count followed by a home-visit pill count, and a subsample of this population (n = 11) completed a second telephone pill count. Scatterplots were used for a visual representation of the number of pills counted with both methods, intraclass correlation coefficients for agreement, and Bland-Altman plots for absolute differences and outliers. A total of 203 pill counts were conducted. The study population consisted of 53% men, with a mean age of 69.6 (±9.2) years and an average of 6.1 (±2.8) medication prescriptions per participant. Scatterplots showed that pills counted with both methods were mostly scattered around the y = x equation. Agreement between the first telephone pill count and home-visit pill count was high, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.96 (medication count level) and 0.98 (individual level). No learning effects were observed in the subsample (n = 11), the intraclass correlation coefficient for the first telephone pill count was 0.88 versus 0.89 for the second telephone pill count. Bland-Altman plots indicated high agreement between the two methods. An announced telephone pill count is considered a valid alternative for a home-visit pill count in people with type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. A single pill count appears sufficient.

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Use of Unannounced Telephone Pill Counts to Measure Medication Adherence Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living With Perinatal HIV Infection

Abstract: Despite challenges, this procedure can be implemented with this population and can help identify adherence barriers important for interventions that address medication-taking behaviors.

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Adherence to tuberculosis preventive therapy measured by urine metabolite testing among people with HIV

Adherence to tuberculosis preventive therapy measured by urine metabolite testing among people with HIV

Association of psychosocial factors with medication adherence in emerging adults with youth‐onset type 2 diabetes: The i Count study

Validation of an Announced Telephone Pill Count Compared to a Home‐Visit Pill Count in People With Type 2 Diabetes or Cardiovascular Disease

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