Use of ultrasonic Doppler waveforms to estimate changes in uterine artery blood flow and vessel compliance.

The objective of the current study was to develop an ovine animal model for consistent study of uterine blood flow (UBF) changes during synchronized ovarian cycles regardless of season. Sheep were surgically bilaterally instrumented with uterine artery blood flow transducers and 5-7 days later implanted with a vaginal progesterone (P(4))-controlled internal drug-releasing device (CIDR; 0.3 g) for 7 days. On Day 6 of P(4), sheep were given two prostaglandin F(2 alpha) injections (7.5 mg i.m. 4 h apart). At CIDR removal, Experimental Day 0, zero (n = 9), 500 IU (n = 8), or 1000 IU (n = 7) eCG was injected i.m.; UBF was monitored continuously for 55-75 h. Jugular blood was sampled every 8 h to evaluate levels of P(4), estradiol-17 beta (E(2)beta) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was infused in a stepwise fashion unilaterally into one uterine artery at 48-50 h after 500 IU eCG and the effects on UBF were examined (n = 7). The zero-eCG group gradually increased UBF from a baseline of 17.4 +/- 3.9 to 80.5 +/- 1.1 ml/min. The 500-IU-eCG group increased UBF between 10 and 15 h from a baseline of 11 +/- 3.3 to 83.3 +/- 1.0 ml/min, whereas UBF for the 1000-IU-eCG group was higher (100.1 +/- 1.7 ml/min) than that seen in either of the other groups. Plasma P(4) fell to baseline within 8 h of CIDR removal, while E(2)beta rose gradually in association with elevations in UBF. LH surges occurred between 32 and 56 h after CIDR removal and the LH surge occurred earlier in the 1000-IU-eCG group than the other two groups (P < 0.01). L-NAME infusion dose dependently reduced maximum levels of UBF ipsilaterally by 54.6% +/- 6.2%, but contralaterally only by 27.4% +/- 8.5%. Regardless of season, either dose of eCG will result in analogous UBF responses. During the follicular phase, elevations in UBF are in part locally controlled by the de novo production of nitric oxide.

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“…Values are means Ϯ SEM, n ϭ 7 experiments in five ewes. endogenous follicular-derived E 2 ␤ in other species [13,15,16,[38][39][40]43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a few studies in the ovary-intact sheep [12,14,16,17,[35][36][37], cow [13,16,[38][39][40], horse [41], donkey [42], and pig [15,16,43] described the UBF profiles during the estrous cycle. Indeed, the ovine studies described the tremendous variability of the changes in UBF that occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Use of an Ovarian Synchronization Model to Study the Effects of Endogenous Estrogen and Nitric Oxide on Uterine Blood Flow During Ovarian Cycles in Sheep1

Gibson

Phernetton

Wiltbank

et al. 2004

Biology of Reproduction

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“…The present study demonstrates that transrectal Doppler ultrasonography in mares is a reliable and consistant method for the detection of changes in uterine blood flow during the estrous cycle. Changes in the flow velocity patterns of the uterine arteries during the normal ovulatory cycle occur in many species: Uterine blood flow reaches a maximum at estrus and is followed by a decrease to a minimum during the luteal phase which has been reported in the ewe, cow and sow (Grerss and Anderson 1969;Ford et al 1979;Christenson 1979 andWaite et al 1990). The use of transrectal Doppler ultrasound in cows not only shows similar results, but additionally a peak resistance on the day after ovulation may be seen (Baumgartner 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…An examination of physiological and pathological changes in uterine circulation of mares during the estrous cycle and a comparison of mares with various degrees of endometrosis was then possible. Previous data from other authors have demonstrated that ute-Pferdeheilkunde 15 rine blood flow varies regularly during the estrous cycle of cows and sows (Ford et al 1979;Waite et al 1990 andBaumgartner 1998). The first investigation of Doppler ultrasound in the mare was carried out by Sfo//a and Bollwein (1997) and Mayer et al (1998) who obtained a cyclic pattern in uterine blood flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Doppler ultrasonographic studies of the uterine blood flow in mares

Blaich¹,

Petzold²,

Bartmann³

et al. 1999

PHK

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The uterine arteries of ten mares, from which endometrial biopsies had been taken and graded from category I to category ill, were investigated on a daily basis for an entire cycle using transrectal Doppler ultrasonography. All mares showed a similar cycllc variation in uterine blood flow. Resistance to blood flow in the uterine artery was highest in the periovulatory period. The mares of category llb and lll (group B) had higher values of uterine artery impedance when compared to those mares in category | to lla (group A). Some of the mares in group B showed an absence or reverse in diastolic blood flow. These results agree with similar data obtained in women, where there is discussion as to whether reduced uterine blood flow can cause infertilitv. keywords: mare, Doppler ultrasound, uterine artery blood flow, estrous cvcle, endometrosis Dopplersonographische Studien zur hämodynamischen Uterusperfusion bei der Stute Die Arteriae uterinae von zehn Stuten, deren Endometriumsbiopsien in die Kategorien I bis lll eingestuft waren, wurden transrektal mittels Doppler Ultrasonographie täglich über einen Zyklus untersucht. Alle Stuten zeigten ähnliche zyklische Schwankungen der uterinen Durchblutung. Der höchste Widerstand der Uterinarterie trat in der periovulatorischen Phase auf. Die fünf Stuten der Kategorien llb und lll (Gruppe B) wiesen insgesamt einen größeren Gefäßwiderstand, verglichen mit den Stuten der Kategorien I bis lla (Gruppe A), auf. Einige Stuten der Gruppe B zeigten einen fehlenden oder nickläufigen diastolischen Blutfluß. Diese Ergebnisse stehen im Einklang mlt denen bei der Frau, bei der eine verminderte uterine DurchtJlutung als mögliche Ursache von Infertilität diskutiert wird.

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“…Furthermore, it is known in cows that the plasma concentrations of steroid hormones as well as their receptors are altered in short estrous cycles [13,14] and that uterine blood flow depends on these hormones [8,15]. Therefore, the aims of this study were to compare follicular and uterine perfusion as well as the gene expressions of pertinent endometrial receptors and enzymes during the ovulatory phase after induction of luteolysis in cycle stages consisting of the 1 st and 2 nd follicular waves and in spontaneous cycles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genital Blood Flow and Endometrial Gene Expression During the Preovulatory Period after Prostaglandin F2.ALPHA.-Induced Luteolysis in Different Luteal Phases in Cows

Jordan

Herzog

Ulbrich

et al. 2009

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that follicular and uterine perfusion as well as endometrial gene expression during the ovulatory period differs after induction of luteolysis during the 1 st follicular wave compared with the 2 nd wave or in intact cycle. Nine healthy non-lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were examined during three estrous cycles. A prostaglandin F2α analogue (PGF) was administered randomly either on Day 7 (1 st wave cycle) or Day 11 (2 nd wave cycle) after detection of ovulation (=Day 1). No hormonal treatment was used in the intact cycle with spontaneous ovulation. Transrectal Doppler sonography was conducted daily after PGF injection and in the intact cycle beginning on Day 18 of the estrous cycle until ovulation. Follicular blood flow (FBF) was determined by measuring the maximum area of colour pixels on digitalized images of the follicles. Uterine blood flow was quantified by the time-averaged maximum velocity (UTAMV) and pulsatility index (PI) in both uterine arteries. Blood flow measurements were carried out on Days -1 and 0. Endometrial biopsy specimens were taken on Day 1 and analyzed for the gene expressions of estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin and VEGF receptors and eNOS and iNOS using RT-PCR. The interval from PGF injection to ovulation was shorter (P<0. [309][310][311][312][313][314][315] 2009) here are several reports about differences in the size and contents of follicles of the first and other follicular waves in cows [1][2][3][4]. Follicular fluid of the dominant follicle of the first follicular wave shows a higher concentration of estradiol than fluid of follicles of the second wave [2]. Furthermore, thecal cells from the dominant follicle of the first wave cultured in vitro secrete more progesterone than those of the dominant follicle of the second wave. Despite lower estradiol and progesterone concentrations, dominant follicles of the second wave are larger than those of the first wave [2]. However, the size of the dominant follicle is not an indicator of its functional status [3,4]. In cycling cows, angiogenesis, as determined by colour Doppler sonography, is a good parameter for evaluation of the functional status of the follicle. Follicular perfusion is markedly higher in dominant follicles than in subdominant follicles [5], and the walls of atretic follicles lack blood flow [6]. In a recent colour Doppler sonographic study, the vascularity of the preovulatory follicle was investigated in heifers before insemination. The results supported the hypothesis of a positive relationship between the extent of blood flow of the preovulatory follicle and successful establishment of pregnancy in cattle [7].The technique of colour Doppler sonography allows not only the determination of ovarian perfusion, but also measurement of uterine blood supply [8]. Although up to now only little information has been available in cows about changes in uterine blood flow during the estrous cycle [8] and pregnancy [9,10], a relationship between uterine perfusion and fe...

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Use of ultrasonic Doppler waveforms to estimate changes in uterine artery blood flow and vessel compliance.

Cited by 16 publications

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Development and Use of an Ovarian Synchronization Model to Study the Effects of Endogenous Estrogen and Nitric Oxide on Uterine Blood Flow During Ovarian Cycles in Sheep1

Development and Use of an Ovarian Synchronization Model to Study the Effects of Endogenous Estrogen and Nitric Oxide on Uterine Blood Flow During Ovarian Cycles in Sheep1

Doppler ultrasonographic studies of the uterine blood flow in mares

Genital Blood Flow and Endometrial Gene Expression During the Preovulatory Period after Prostaglandin F2.ALPHA.-Induced Luteolysis in Different Luteal Phases in Cows

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