Use of time domain spectroscopy for measuring dielectric properties with a coaxial probe

Gabriel, Camelia; Grant, E H; Young, I. R.

doi:10.1088/0022-3735/19/10/016

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These latter workers have provided detailed evidence for the possibility that aqueous solutions of monodisperse, plasmid D N A at room temperature can resonantly absorb microwave energy, and that the mechanism for this absorption is related to the coupling of the electric field to acoustic modes (standing waves) in the macromolecule. If such resonance effects, which are really only visible against the 'background' dielectric properties of the solvent when the D N A is very homogeneous, can be confirmed (and an extensive effort by Grant and colleagues has failed to do this (see Gabriel et al 1987)), they will have significant implications. These implications include the possibility that biochemical processes might be influenced by highly selective microwave frequencies of low intensity (Frohlich 1980, Frohlich andKremer 1983) and that acoustic modes (phonons, solitons, etc) could provide a dissipation less mechanism for transporting free energy over large molecular distances (see Kell and Hitchens 1983, Kell and Westerhoff 1985, Kell 1986b and references therein).…”

Section: Deoxyribonucleic Acid ( D N a )mentioning

confidence: 99%

The passive electrical properties of biological systems: their significance in physiology, biophysics and biotechnology

Pethig¹,

Kell²

1987

Phys. Med. Biol.

734

436

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Section: Deoxyribonucleic Acid ( D N a )mentioning

confidence: 99%

The passive electrical properties of biological systems: their significance in physiology, biophysics and biotechnology

Pethig¹,

Kell²

1987

Phys. Med. Biol.

734

436

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show abstract

“…The method is simple, requires minimum sample handling and is non-destructive. The slim form open-ended coaxial probes from 85070E Dielectric Probe Kit (Keysight, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) that were used in this study are suitable for both ex vivo and in vivo measurements over the frequency range of interest [ 1 , 39 , 40 ]. While this study considers ex vivo measurements, the method has been applied successfully to in vivo measurements [ 1 , 17 , 40 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Properties of Ovine Heart at Microwave Frequencies

et al. 2021

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Accurate knowledge of the dielectric properties of biological tissues is important in dosimetry studies and for medical diagnostic, monitoring and therapeutic technologies. In particular, the dielectric properties of the heart are used in numerical simulations of radiofrequency and microwave heart ablation. In one recent study, it was demonstrated that the dielectric properties of different components of the heart can vary considerably, contrary to previous literature that treated the heart as a homogeneous organ with measurements that ignored the anatomical location. Therefore, in this study, we record and report the dielectric properties of the heart as a heterogeneous organ. We measured the dielectric properties at different locations inside and outside of the heart over the 500 MHz to 20 GHz frequency range. Different parts of the heart were identified based on the anatomy of the heart and their function; they include the epicardium, endocardium, myocardium, exterior and interior surfaces of atrial appendage, and the luminal surface of the great vessels. The measured dielectric properties for each part of the heart are reported at both a single frequency (2.4 GHz), which is of interest in microwave medical applications, and as parameters of a broadband Debye model. The results show that in terms of dielectric properties, different parts of the heart should not be considered the same, with more than 25% difference in dielectric properties between some parts. The specific Debye models and single frequency dielectric properties from this study can be used to develop more detailed models of the heart to be used in electromagnetic modeling.

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“…In the 1980s, the dielectric relaxation processes of biological tissues were further examined and modelled [ 45 , 46 ], and, increasingly, the open-ended coaxial line became the most common sensor for the acquisition of the dielectric properties of animal and human tissues [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. The open-ended coaxial measurement technique was preferred to the transmission line, cavity perturbation, and tetrapolar probe methods, since the open-ended coaxial technique is non-destructive and allows for ex vivo and in vivo broadband measurements [ 39 , 59 , 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Tissue Dielectric Properties: Background and Relevant Wormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1980s and 1990s, researchers conducting studies on dielectric measurements of biological tissues focused on probe design and fabrication, system development, and systemic error correction techniques [ 39 , 40 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 73 ]. The majority of the custom probes were fabricated from 50 Ω semi-rigid coaxial cables [ 39 , 40 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 94 ]. Probes were customised depending on the type and size of the tissue sample to be investigated and on the desired frequency range of the dielectric properties study.…”

Section: Measurement Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Open-Ended Coaxial Probe Technique for Dielectric Measurement of Biological Tissues: Challenges and Common Practices

et al. 2018

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Electromagnetic (EM) medical technologies are rapidly expanding worldwide for both diagnostics and therapeutics. As these technologies are low-cost and minimally invasive, they have been the focus of significant research efforts in recent years. Such technologies are often based on the assumption that there is a contrast in the dielectric properties of different tissue types or that the properties of particular tissues fall within a defined range. Thus, accurate knowledge of the dielectric properties of biological tissues is fundamental to EM medical technologies. Over the past decades, numerous studies were conducted to expand the dielectric repository of biological tissues. However, dielectric data is not yet available for every tissue type and at every temperature and frequency. For this reason, dielectric measurements may be performed by researchers who are not specialists in the acquisition of tissue dielectric properties. To this end, this paper reviews the tissue dielectric measurement process performed with an open-ended coaxial probe. Given the high number of factors, including equipment- and tissue-related confounders, that can increase the measurement uncertainty or introduce errors into the tissue dielectric data, this work discusses each step of the coaxial probe measurement procedure, highlighting common practices, challenges, and techniques for controlling and compensating for confounders.

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Use of time domain spectroscopy for measuring dielectric properties with a coaxial probe

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

The passive electrical properties of biological systems: their significance in physiology, biophysics and biotechnology

The passive electrical properties of biological systems: their significance in physiology, biophysics and biotechnology

Dielectric Properties of Ovine Heart at Microwave Frequencies

Open-Ended Coaxial Probe Technique for Dielectric Measurement of Biological Tissues: Challenges and Common Practices

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