Use of Thermodynamic Modeling for Selection of Electrolyte for Electrorefining of Magnesium from Aluminum Alloy Melts

Gesing, Adam J.; Das, Subodh K.

doi:10.1007/s11663-016-0724-8

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…While the two strongly coupled LMB types (Li||Te and Li||Se) have limited practical relevance due to the scarcity of their positive electrode materials, three-layer refinement cells are almost always strongly coupled. Gesing et al [45,46] formulate it as a characteristic of their Mg-electrorefinement method that the electrolyte has to have a density halfway between that of Al and Mg, i.e., they require a coupling param-…”

Section: Interface Instabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluid Mechanics of Liquid Metal Batteries

Kelley

Weier

2018

Applied Mechanics Reviews

103

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The design and performance of liquid metal batteries, a new technology for grid-scale energy storage, depend on fluid mechanics because the battery electrodes and electrolytes are entirely liquid. Here we review prior and current research on the fluid mechanics of liquid metal batteries, pointing out opportunities for future studies. Because the technology in its present form is just a few years old, only a small number of publications have so far considered liquid metal batteries specifically. We hope to encourage collaboration and conversation by referencing as many of those publications as possible here. Much can also be learned by linking to extensive prior literature considering phenomena observed or expected in liquid metal batteries, including thermal convection, magnetoconvection, Marangoni flow, interface instabilities, the Tayler instability, and electro-vortex flow. We focus on phenomena, materials, length scales, and current densities relevant to the liquid metal battery designs currently being commercialized. We try to point out breakthroughs that could lead to design improvements or make new mechanisms important.The story of fluid mechanics research in liquid metal batteries (LMBs) begins with one very important application: grid-scale storage. Electrical grids have almost no energy storage capacity, and adding storage will make them more robust and more resilient even as they incorporate increasing amounts of intermittent and unpredictable wind and solar generation. Liquid metal batteries have unique advantages as a grid-scale storage technology, but their uniqueness also means that designers must consider chemical and physical mechanisms -including fluid mechanisms -that are relevant to few other battery technologies, and in many cases not yet well-understood. We will review the fluid mechanics of liquid metal batteries, focusing on studies undertaken with that technology in mind, and also drawing extensively from prior work considering similar mechanisms in other contexts. In the interest of promoting dialogue across this new field, we have endeavored to include the work of many different researchers, though inevitably some will have eluded our search, and we ask for the reader's sympathy for regrettable omissions. Our story will be guided by technological application, focusing on mechanisms most relevant to liquid metal batteries as built for grid-scale storage. We will consider electrochemistry and theoretical fluid mechanics only briefly because excellent reviews of both topics are already available in the literature. In §1 below we provide an overview and brief introduction to liquid metal batteries, motivated by the present state of worldwide electrical grids, including the various types of liquid metal batteries that have been developed. We consider the history of liquid metal batteries in more detail in §2, connecting to the thermally regenerative electrochemical cells developed in the middle of the twentieth century. Continuing, we consider the fluid mechanisms that are most relevant to ...

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Section: Interface Instabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of three-layer processes was also proposed for electronic scrap reclamation [43], removal of Mg from scrap Al [44,45,46], and electrorefining of Si [47,48,49]. Research on the fluid mechanics of current bearing three-layer systems can therefore potentially be useful beyond LMBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Mechanics of Liquid Metal Batteries

Kelley

Weier

2018

Applied Mechanics Reviews

103

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Thermodynamic and experimental evaluation of the sustainable recycling of magnesium alloy scrap by vacuum distillation based on vapor-liquid equilibrium

Wang,

Liang,

Tian

et al. 2024

Journal of Magnesium and Alloys

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Preparation of High-Purity Magnesium from Electrolytically Produced Crude Magnesium via Vacuum Distillation

Ma¹,

Zhu³

et al. 2023

Metals

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Metallic Mg is an important strategic metal and its properties are greatly affected by impurities. Silicothermic reduction and electrolysis are the most used approaches to prepare metallic Mg. The products of these processes need to be further refined to obtain high-purity Mg metal. However, previous research has mainly focused on refining the crude Mg (CM) produced via silicothermic reduction, whereas no in-depth investigations have been conducted on refining the CM produced via electrolysis. Here, vacuum distillation was used to refine electrolytically produced CM. The content and morphological characteristics of the impurity elements in CM were studied via glow discharge mass spectrometry, mineral dissociation analysis, and electron probe microanalysis. The effect of different distillation temperatures and times on the quality of the refined Mg was investigated. The results show that the main impurity elements are Al, Fe, Si, Ti, Cr, S, Cl, and Ni. The content of impurities, such as Si, Al, Fe, Ni, Ti, and Cr, in the refined Mg is significantly reduced at a temperature of 1023 K and a time of 120 min, and the purity of the refined Mg reaches 99.99%, which meets the Mg9999 national standard for primary Mg ingots in China (GB/3499-2011).

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Use of Thermodynamic Modeling for Selection of Electrolyte for Electrorefining of Magnesium from Aluminum Alloy Melts

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Fluid Mechanics of Liquid Metal Batteries

Fluid Mechanics of Liquid Metal Batteries

Thermodynamic and experimental evaluation of the sustainable recycling of magnesium alloy scrap by vacuum distillation based on vapor-liquid equilibrium

Preparation of High-Purity Magnesium from Electrolytically Produced Crude Magnesium via Vacuum Distillation

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