Use of the oral contraceptive pill is associated with increased large artery stiffness in young women: The ENIGMA Study

Hickson, Stacey S.; Miles, K.; McDonnell, Barry J.; Yasmin, Yasmin; Cockcroft, John R.; Wilkinson, Ian B.; McEniery, Carmel M.

doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328346a5af

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A similar finding has been reported in German women; OC users had, on average, significantly higher levels of SBP and DBP than non-users by ~3.6 and ~1.4 mmHg, respectively [26]. However, SBP and DBP among current OC users were higher than those among never users by only 0.7/0.4 mmHg in a prospective cohort study in the United States [12]; furthermore, SBP increased by only 2 mmHg and no change was found in DBP in British women between the ages of 18 and 30 years [27]. A possible explanation for these differing effects of OCs on blood pressure among studies may be differences in OC formulations and treatment regimens as well as the age and race/ethnicity factors of participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between oral contraceptive use and risks of hypertension and prehypertension in a cross-sectional study of Korean women

Park

Kim

2013

BMC Women's Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe effect of commonly used oral contraceptives (OCs) on blood pressure is still unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between OCs use and blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension in a population-based sample of Korean women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 3356 participants aged 35–55 years collected in the 2007–2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. OC use and demographic characteristics were obtained from participants using a questionnaire, and blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer.ResultsLonger duration of OC use was positively associated with increasing levels of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (p for trend <0.001). After adjusting for covariates, the odds ratio (OR) of hypertension was significantly increased in longer-term (>24 months) OC users (OR 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–3.73) compared with those who had never used OCs. Additionally, use of OCs >24 months was associated with increased odds of prehypertension (adjusted OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.28–3.90) and hypertension or prehypertension (adjusted OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.37–3.32).ConclusionThis study found a statistically significant association between OC use and blood pressure or hypertension among Korean women.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between oral contraceptive use and risks of hypertension and prehypertension in a cross-sectional study of Korean women

Park

Kim

2013

BMC Women's Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A recent study on women taking oral hormonal contraception has shown that they had higher SBP and aortic pulse wave velocity compared with non users and this occurred possible passively since there was no difference in augmentation index. (29) But the true impact of hormonal removal with menopause (and aging process) on intrinsic aortic wave reflection is less clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Difference in Cardiovascular Risk

Régnault

Thomas²,

Safar

et al. 2012

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives Our aim was to explore whether the carotid/brachial pulse pressure (C/B-PP) ratio selectively predicts the gender difference in age-related cardiovascular death. Background Hypertension and cardiovascular complications are more severe in men and post-menopausal women than in pre-menopausal women. C-PP is lower than B-PP, and the C/B-PP ratio is a physiological marker of PP amplification between C and B arteries which tends toward 1.0 with age. Methods The study involved 72,437 men (aged 41.0±11.1 years, mean±SD) and 52,714 women (39.5±11.6 years). C-PP was calculated for each gender by a multiple regression analysis including B-PP, age, height and risk factors, a method validated beforehand in a subgroup of 834 subjects. During the 12 years of follow-up, 3028 men and 969 women died. Results In the total population, the adjusted hazard ratios (HR, 95% CI) of C/B-PP ratio were: (i) for all cause mortality: men, 1.51 (1.47–1.56), women, 2.46 (2.27–2.67) (p<0.0001); (ii) for cardiovascular mortality: men, 1.81 (1.70–1.93), women, 4.46 (3.66–5.45) (p<0.0001). The C/B-PP impact on mortality did not significantly increase from younger men to those over 55, from: 1.44 (1.31–1.58) to 1.65 (1.48–1.84), but increased significantly with age in women: 3.19 (2.08–4.89) vs 5.60 (4.17–7.50) (p<0.01). Thus the mortality impact of C/B-PP ratio was 3-fold higher in women than in men over 55. Conclusions The C/B amplification is highly predictive of differences in cardiovascular risk between men and women. In post-menopausal women, the attenuation of PP amplification, mainly related to increased aortic stiffness, contributes to the significant increase in cardiovascular risk.

show abstract

“…Another possible reason for less contraceptive prescribing to the younger age group could be that a lower proportion of them were sexually active 30 31. However, previous studies have reported that concerns about contraceptive side effects might lead younger girls to discontinue or avoid using contraceptive pills, which could increase the risk of unintended pregnancy 7 32 33…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and patterns of hormonal contraceptive prescribing for adolescents in primary care in the UK

Rashed

Hsia

Wilton

et al. 2014

J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHormonal contraceptives are the most common method used worldwide by teenagers to prevent unwanted pregnancies. To date there are limited data about such use by teenagers in the UK. This study investigated trends and patterns of hormonal contraceptive prescribing to adolescents aged 12–18 years in UK primary care between 2002 and 2011.MethodsA retrospective cohort study using the IMS Disease Analyzer database was conducted. All females aged 12–18 years with ≥1 prescription for a contraceptive drug between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2011 were included. Annual prevalence of contraceptive drug prescribing was calculated, and indications for prescribing, and types of contraceptive drug prescribed, were examined.ResultsIn 2002, 13.7% (6135/44 532) of female adolescents received prescriptions for hormonal contraceptives, compared to 19.0% (6597/34 676) in 2011. The majority of female adolescents [2002: 76.2% (4676/6135); 2011: 65.7% (4334/6597)] received a contraceptive drug for ‘contraceptive management’. The combined oral contraceptive (COC), ‘progestogen+estrogen’, was the most commonly prescribed. Although use of progestogen-only contraceptives was lower than COCs, the number of patients who received desogestrel pills and etonogestrel implants increased during the study period; levonorgestrel pill use declined. Only one injectable progestogen, long-acting depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, was prescribed.ConclusionsUse of hormonal contraceptives among adolescents increased between 2002 and 2011, and COC usage was dominant. The increasing use of hormonal contraceptives in adolescents, especially in younger adolescents, warrants further investigation, including research into the long-term safety of these medicines in this age group.

show abstract

Use of the oral contraceptive pill is associated with increased large artery stiffness in young women: The ENIGMA Study

Abstract: Use of the OCP is associated with elevated pulse pressure and SV and a small increase in aPWV in young women. The longer term implications of these effects require further investigation.

Cited by 51 publications

References 33 publications

Associations between oral contraceptive use and risks of hypertension and prehypertension in a cross-sectional study of Korean women

Associations between oral contraceptive use and risks of hypertension and prehypertension in a cross-sectional study of Korean women

Sex Difference in Cardiovascular Risk

Trends and patterns of hormonal contraceptive prescribing for adolescents in primary care in the UK

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About