Use of the mitral valve–tricuspid valve distance as a marker of fetal endocardial cushion defects

Bolnick, Alan; Zelop, Carolyn M.; Milewski, Beth; Gianferrari, Elisa; Borgida, Adam; Egan, James

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.05.042

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Quantitative assessment of the normal mitral-tricuspid offset in the four-chamber view is an important part of fetal anatomic evaluation, which could be useful in detecting some cardiac anomalies [2, 3]. Improvements in ultrasound resolution have made it possible to evaluate very small structures of fetal heart accurately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, only a few studies [1-3, 5, 6] have provided reference values for the fetal MTD against GA, and normal data for the MTD index were not available. Most of these reference ranges were based on short GA ranges or small sample sizes, and all of them were derived from two-dimensional echocardiography, with which it is often difficult to obtain the accurate plane of the four-chamber view [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, this is evaluated subjectively in the four-chamber view of the fetal heart during the fetal anatomic survey [1]. For the past few years, quantitative assessment of the mitral-tricuspid offset has been demonstrated to facilitate the prenatal diagnosis of two major congenital cardiac diseases, Ebstein’s anomaly [2] and endocardial cushion defect [3]. Recent studies supported the use of a reduced MTD as a sensitive marker for detecting trisomy 21 in the second to third trimester [4, 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Z-Score Reference Ranges for the Offset of the Tricuspid Septal Leaflet in Normal Fetuses

et al. 2018

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Objectives: To determine Z-score equations and reference ranges for mitral valve-tricuspid valve distance (MTD) and the MTD index in the fetal heart. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed in 899 normal singleton fetuses from 14 to 40 weeks’ gestation. The MTD and interventricular septum length (IVSL) were measured offline after electronic cardiac spatiotemporal image correlation volume acquisition. The MTD index was determined as the ratio of MTD to IVSL. Z-score reference ranges of these measurements were determined against gestational age (GA) and estimated fetal weight (EFW), using regression analysis of the mean and standard deviation (SD). Results: Strong positive correlations were found between the MTD and the independent variables. A simple linear regression model was the best description of the mean and SD of MTD based on GA, while a cubic regression best fitted the mean MTD against EFW. In contrast, the MTD index decreased progressively with the independent variables. Fractional polynomials best fitted the MTD index in terms of GA and EFW. Conclusion: Normal reference values and Z-scores of fetal MTD and MTD index were provided against GA and EFW, which may be useful tools for quantitative assessment of some cardiac and extracardiac diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Z-Score Reference Ranges for the Offset of the Tricuspid Septal Leaflet in Normal Fetuses

et al. 2018

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“…The distance between the attachment of the atrioventricular valves becomes larger, resulting in an increased DIAVV. A smaller or absent DIAVV, called linear insertion of the atrioventricular valves (LIAVV), has been described in atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) and in trisomy 21 fetuses with an otherwise structurally normal heart. Measurement of the DIAVV has been suggested as a tool for the detection of cardiac defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement of the DIAVV has been suggested as a tool for the detection of cardiac defects. Several studies have tried to quantify the DIAVV to improve the detection rate of AVSDs, which are a common congenital abnormality, with an incidence of 7.3% of all congenital heart defects; furthermore, 39–50% of fetuses with an AVSD have trisomy 21.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%