Use of the maximum likelihood technique, for fitting counting distributions

Orth, P.H.R.; Falk, W.R.; Jones, G.

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(68)90108-0

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The spectra were fitted by the sum of two exponentials and a constant random coincidence background by the maximum likelihood technique. 6 The results presented here satisfied the following conditions: (a) Convergence was obtained varying all five parameters (see Sec. II) simultaneously in the maximum likelihood program.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Annihilation of Positrons in Argon I. Experimental

Orth

Jones

1969

Phys. Rev.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Annihilation of Positrons in Argon I. Experimental

Orth

Jones

1969

Phys. Rev.

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“…Fortunately, the data may be successfully characterized by the sum of two exponentials with markedly different decay rates. The fitting was done with a five-parameter maximum-likelihood routine [20]. The five parameters were the decay rates and intensities of each of the two exponential components plus a background.…”

Section: -ṽ 2-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation ofn=2 positronium from untreated metal surfaces

Steiger

Conti

1992

Phys. Rev. A

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The formation of n =2 positronium is investigated using a positron beam incident on a variety of untreated metal foils and crystals. The maximum measured formation fraction is much higher than any previously reported for such targets. Fully 2% of the incident positrons are observed to form n =2 positroniurn at low input energy with little dependence upon the metal substrate of the formation surface.The n =2 positronium spectra exhibit lifetime components characteristic of two distinct populations with different kinetic energies. The dependence of each of these components on the incident positron energy is studied and interpreted as being consistent with existing theories of positron interactions with metals. The production of n =2 positronium using positrons transmitted through metal meshes and thin foils is also observed and discussed briefly. PACS number(s): 36.10.Dr, 78.70.g, 12.20.Fv

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“…In principle, determining the relative abundances of these fluorophore species via bleaching can be achieved by fitting the amplitudes of a multi-exponential decay at each pixel. This basic problem occurs in many arenas from magnetic resonance imaging 20 to fluorescence lifetime imaging 21,22 and nuclear physics 23 . There are a wide range of computational approaches to this challenge, such as maximum likelihood estimation 23 , the method of least-squares 24 , method of moments 25 and the Gardner Transform 26 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This basic problem occurs in many arenas from magnetic resonance imaging 20 to fluorescence lifetime imaging 21,22 and nuclear physics 23 . There are a wide range of computational approaches to this challenge, such as maximum likelihood estimation 23 , the method of least-squares 24 , method of moments 25 and the Gardner Transform 26 . However, our problem is more general as it includes both spectral and bleaching information, so we extract the spectral and photobleaching characteristics from the dataset itself.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super-multiplexed fluorescence microscopy via photostability contrast

Orth

Ghosh

Wilson

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Many areas of biological research rely heavily on fluorescence microscopy to observe and quantify the inner workings of the cell. Traditionally, multiple types of cellular structures or biomolecules are visualized simultaneously with spectrally distinct fluorescent labels. A high degree of multiplexing is desirable as it affords the experiment greater information content, speeding up research timelines. Multiplexing can be increased by imaging a larger number of spectral channels, however, the wide emission spectra of most fluorophores limits multiplexing to four or five labels in standard fluorescence microscopes. Further multiplexing requires another dimension of contrast. Here, we show that photostability differences can be used to distinguish between fluorescent labels. By combining photobleaching characteristics with a novel unmixing algorithm, we resolve up to three fluorescent labels in a single spectral channel and unmix fluorescent labels with nearly identical emission spectra. We apply our technique to organic dyes, autofluorescent biomolecules and fluorescent proteins, and show that the latter are particularly well suited to our method as their bleaching is often reversible. Our approach has the potential to triple the multiplexing capabilities of any digital widefield or confocal fluorescence microscope with no additional hardware, making it readily accessible to a wide range of researchers.

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Use of the maximum likelihood technique, for fitting counting distributions

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Annihilation of Positrons in Argon I. Experimental

Annihilation of Positrons in Argon I. Experimental

Formation ofn=2 positronium from untreated metal surfaces

Super-multiplexed fluorescence microscopy via photostability contrast

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