Use of the Layer Analysis Method of the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic in Modern Society

Goh, You Li; Liu, Juntian; Zhao, Baixiao

doi:10.1016/j.jams.2014.02.004

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In this review, studies investigated the efficacy and mechanism of acupuncture for mild cognitive impairment at different depths using different analytic methods, and they found that deep acupuncture is necessary to achieve significant clinical results (Feng et al, 2012 ; Bai et al, 2013 ; Chen S. et al, 2013 ). Such findings are consistent with the Layer Analysis as described in the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic (Goh et al, 2014 ). Moreover, the studies consistently showed that deep needling affected a larger number of abnormal brain regions than superficial needling, especially at the hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Progress of Acupuncture Therapy in Diseases Based on Magnetic Resonance Image Studies: A Literature Review

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The neural mechanisms of acupuncture are not well-understood. Over the past decades, an increasing number of studies have used MRI to investigate the response of the brain to acupuncture. The current review aims to provide an update on acupuncture therapy in disease. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to January 31, 2021. Article selection and data extraction were conducted by two review authors. A total of 107 publications about MRI in acupuncture were included, the collective findings of which were as follows: (1) stroke and GB34 (Yanglingquan) are the most studied disease and acupoint. Related studies suggested that the mechanism of acupuncture treatment for stroke may associate with structural and functional plasticity, left and right hemispheres balance, and activation of brain areas related to movement and cognition. GB34 is mainly used in stroke and Parkinson's disease, which mainly activates brain response in the premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area, and the supramarginal gyrus; (2) resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and functional connectivity (FC) analysis are the most frequently used approaches; (3) estimates of efficacy and brain response to acupuncture depend on the type of sham acupuncture (SA) used for comparison. Brain processing after acupuncture differs between patients and health controls (HC) and occurs mainly in disorder-related areas. Factors that influence the effect of acupuncture include depth of needling, number and locations of acupoints, and deqi and expectation effect, each contributing to the brain response. While studies using MRI have increased understanding of the mechanism underlying the effects of acupuncture, there is scope for development in this field. Due to the small sample sizes, heterogeneous study designs, and analytical methods, the results were inconsistent. Further studies with larger sample sizes, careful experimental design, multimodal neuroimaging techniques, and standardized methods should be conducted to better explain the efficacy and specificity of acupuncture, and to prepare for accurate efficacy prediction in the future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Progress of Acupuncture Therapy in Diseases Based on Magnetic Resonance Image Studies: A Literature Review

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Others have used ultrasound scans to guide the specific depth for achieving acupuncture sensation [ 4 ]. Such findings correspond to the Layer Analysis as described in the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic [ 5 ]. Hence, we hypothesize that there could be a relationship between the efficacy of acupuncture treatment and the depth of insertion.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Paradoxically, although acupuncture and the Layer Analysis method [ 5 ] originate from China, the percentage of research indexed in the area of acupuncture depth in Science Direct was ten times as compared to CNKI, the biggest published research database in China ( Figure 5 ). In addition, the search from both databases also points to the lack of research focus on depth generally.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture and Depth: Future Direction for Acupuncture Research

Goh

Zhao

2014

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The research on acupuncture has increased steadily over the years and regular review and revision of the direction of future acupuncture research are necessary. This paper aims to review and explore the significance of acupuncture depth in modern acupuncture research. Searches conducted in Science Direct and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases reflected a lack of focus on depth of acupuncture. We propose that the research trends of acupuncture should progress to the depth of insertion. It is suggested that future acupuncture research, especially randomized controlled trials (RCTs), should take into consideration the depth of insertion. Comparison between databases using different language of medium suggests the need for international collaboration of researchers from the same field. It is also crucial to inherit and innovate traditional medicine (TM) through modern technology. The use of bibliometric method is also suitable for development of TM research trends. Acupuncture and depth should be considered as one of the future directions of acupuncture research.

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“…The choice of appropriate acupuncture techniques for different layers is crucial for successful treatment of patients. Needling techniques such as direct subcutaneous needling were primarily used for treating diseases at the skin layer [ 47 ]. Therefore, we used a shallow direct insertion of needles at Bafeng (EX-LE10) and Baxie (EX-UE9) points.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Acupuncture Treatment on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Pilot, Randomized, Assessor-Blinded, Controlled Trial

Iravani

Kazemi

Razavi

et al. 2020

Pain Research and Management

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Objective. This pilot study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Methods. This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial, which was conducted with cooperation between Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), China, and Tehran University of Medical Science (TUMS), Iran. Forty participants with CIPN were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to receive twelve sessions of acupuncture (20 minutes each session over 4 weeks) or take one 300 mg tablet of vitamin B1 and three 300 mg capsules of gabapentin per day for 4 weeks, after which both groups were followed up for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was CIPN symptom severity measured by the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The secondary endpoints included sensory neuropathy grade evaluated by the National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE), neurophysiological assessment of CIPN by the nerve conduction study (NCS), and the patient overall satisfaction with treatment. Safety was assessed at each visit. Results. The NRS and NCI-CTCAE sensory neuropathy grading scales decreased significantly over time in both groups (both P<0.001), with a significantly higher reduction in the acupuncture group (P<0.001 and P=0.03, respectively). In addition, the acupuncture group showed a higher overall satisfaction with the treatment at the end of treatment and after 4 weeks follow-up, in comparison with the vit B1 and gabapentin group (P=0.01 and P=0.001, respectively). The NCS (except for the latency of the sural nerve) in the acupuncture group improved significantly (P<0.05), while improvement in the vit B1 and gabapentin group was not observed (P>0.05). Conclusion. Our study revealed that acupuncture, as a kind of traditional Chinese therapeutic method, is significantly effective and safe in the treatment of CIPN. Moreover, acupuncture is more effective than using vitamin B1 and gabapentin as the conventional treatment. Trial registration. This trial is registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20190615043900N1).

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Use of the Layer Analysis Method of the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic in Modern Society

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Progress of Acupuncture Therapy in Diseases Based on Magnetic Resonance Image Studies: A Literature Review

Progress of Acupuncture Therapy in Diseases Based on Magnetic Resonance Image Studies: A Literature Review

Acupuncture and Depth: Future Direction for Acupuncture Research

Effectiveness of Acupuncture Treatment on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Pilot, Randomized, Assessor-Blinded, Controlled Trial

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