Use of the earth's crust for treatment or storage of sewage effluent and other waste fluids∗

Bouwer, Herman; Sopper, William E.

doi:10.1080/10643387609381636

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In general the effectiveness of soil in removing contaminants applied with wastewater is affected by many factors such as irrigation modalities, soil depth, cultivated crops, physical and chemical characteristics of soil and climate (2,4). Preliminary studies and quantitative data are useful to provide a rational approach for planning wastewater irrigation systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wastewater irrigation. lysimeter investigation on water quality aspects.

Indelicato¹,

Nicosia²,

Tamburino³

1984

Environmental Technology Letters

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A lysimeter investigation has been carried out with the aim of quantifying the removal of some contaminants during wastewater percolation through the soil. The lysimeters were irrigated with untreated municipal wastewater. In general volcanic sand showed higher treatment ability than sedimentary soil. Percolation through sandy volcanic soil columns resulted in removal of 84 to 98% of applied COD and of 90 to 96% of applied suspended solids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In wastewater irrigation the treatment processes which occur in the soil are extremely important as they influence the quality of the waters which, through infiltration and drainage reach ground or surface water bodies (1,2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater irrigation. lysimeter investigation on water quality aspects.

Indelicato¹,

Nicosia²,

Tamburino³

1984

Environmental Technology Letters

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Renovation of Wastewater with Rapid-Infiltration Land Treatment Systems

Bouwer

1985

Artificial Recharge of Groundwater

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Stochastic estimation of states in unconfined aquifers subject to artificial recharge

Schmidke¹,

McBean²,

Sykes³

1982

Water Resources Research

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An extended Kalman filter model for characterizing minimum variance estimates of the piezometric heads and coefficients defining an unconfined aquifer subject to artificial recharge is developed. The system evolution model employs Hantush's (1967) model. Sensitivity analyses are used to test the estimation capability of the technique. The ability of the extended Kalman filter to use all available information from both the system model and measurements of the state to provide approximate minimum variance estimates of the state and confidence limits is shown. The extended Kalman filter version of Hantush's model is applied to a record data length of one year obtained at the study area located in Norwood, Ontario. INTRODUCTIONIn many regions, increases in demand for water have been met by groundwater extractions resulting in the 'mining' of the water. Concurrently, the quality of the surface water body receiving the increased effluent has deteriorated. To halt or even reverse these trends, artificial groundwater recharge is receiving increased attention. In some situations the water source for use in the recharge is secondary sewage effluent '[e.g., Bouwer, 1976]. The basis of the recharge concept is that the vadose zone and the aquifers purify the water chemically and biologically, thereby, allowing its reuse.Groundwater systems are unique •in water resources managemerit because they can only be observed and controlled indirectly, using measurements obtained from the surface. Many deterministic mathematical models to infer the groundwater system response and parameters have been developed, all of them essentially being based on hydrologic and geologic information such as the soil characteristics, infiltration, and pumpage rates. The parameter estimates for the majority of the models are obtained either directly in the field or from disturbed samples in a laboratory. These model parameters are then assumed to be constant and perfectly known. However, these parameters exhibit large temporal and spatial fluctuations due to the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the aquifer, the stochastic meteorological conditions, and other changing environmental factors. In addition, due to the measurement errors there is always some uncertainty implicit in assignment of parameter magnitudes at any point in time or space. As well, any model represents only an abstraction of the real system. As a consequence the modeling of a stochastic process by a deterministic model may be subject to significant errors. Therefore the development of methodologies to interpret the observable information and thereby provide more accurate estimates of the responses of the system is of increasing interest. Only recently have the uncertainties of hydrologic system parameters been incorporated into a groundwater modeling technique. Wilson et al. [1978] utilized a state estimation technique, the extended Kalman filter, which combines an uncertain system model and noisy measurements of system Paper number 2W0709. 0043-1497/82/002 W-0709505.00 behavior to dete...

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Use of the earth's crust for treatment or storage of sewage effluent and other waste fluids∗

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Wastewater irrigation. lysimeter investigation on water quality aspects.

Wastewater irrigation. lysimeter investigation on water quality aspects.

Renovation of Wastewater with Rapid-Infiltration Land Treatment Systems

Stochastic estimation of states in unconfined aquifers subject to artificial recharge

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