Use of the common carotid artery in blood pressure measurement in rats. A possible source of error

Pang, S C; Scott, T. M.

doi:10.1139/y80-169

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Pang and Scott (1980) found that this method did not cause any alteration in the systolic pressure, as recorded by the tail cuff method or by femoral cannulation. The cannula in the carotid artery was connected with a Ttube to the perfusion pump and to a pressure transducer.…”

Section: Fixation and Processingmentioning

confidence: 77%

The dimensional characteristics of smooth muscle in rat blood vessels. A computer-assisted analysis.

Todd¹,

Laye²,

Osborne³

1983

Circulation Research

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SUMMARY. This investigation was undertaken to provide precise information about the dimensional characteristics of vascular smooth muscle cells as related to their paracellular matrix. The representative types of vessels were fixed at the mean blood pressures of adult male Wistar rats. The shapes, positions of the nucleus, linear dimensions, volumes, and orientation within the vessel wall were determined by a computer-assisted reconstruction of the cells from serial sections. Wall-to-lumen and cellular-to-paracellular ratios also were assessed. The smooth muscle cells were elongate, but whereas some are spindle shaped, most are not, and may be shaped like flattened triangles, paddles, boomerangs, or hourglasses, and in addition, any one of these shapes may be forked. The nucleus tended to be in the largest part of the cell, wherever that region occurred. Thus, the majority of the nuclei (61%) were not centrally located, but overlapped the middle and end thirds of the elongate cells. Of the three arteries investigated, the muscular type tail artery had cells with volumes two to three times larger (P < 0.01) than cells in a musculoelastic (femoral) or elastic (mesenteric) artery, and six times larger (P < 0.01) than those of the portal vein. Therefore, the smooth muscle cells of the vein were significantly smaller than those in any artery (P < 0.01). The smooth muscle cells were aligned at a steeper angle in the vessel wall (15°± 2°) of the muscular artery than in those with more elastic tissue (9° ± 2°), with a higher percentage of circumferential cells in the latter. The wall-to-lumen ratios decreased as the relative amount of paracellular matrix, particularly elastic tissue, increased in the three arteries. Therefore, irregularly shaped cells, with the nucleus in the thickest region, and having characteristic cell volumes depending on the type of vessel, form the vascular smooth muscle tissue. These factors are relevant if stereology, or measuring from two dimensions, is used to estimate size characteristics in cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. In addition, the optimum angle at which vascular strips are cut would vary, for example, when used in testing pharmacological agents. (Circ Res 53: [319][320][321][322][323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330][331] 1983) SMOOTH muscle tissue is believed to consist of spindle-shaped cells with a central nucleus oriented along the long axis of the cell (see reviews by Rhodin, 1980;Gabella, 1981). The orientation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels is assumed to be spiral or helical, although the results of experiments are more consistent with a circular orientation in some vessels. Knowledge of the shape and orientation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels is important in interpreting normal and pathological pressures in blood vessels, as well as tension in strip preparations of vessel wall.We have developed techniques to provide definitive information about the size, shape, and orientation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. Serial sections of ves...

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Section: Fixation and Processingmentioning

confidence: 77%

The dimensional characteristics of smooth muscle in rat blood vessels. A computer-assisted analysis.

Todd¹,

Laye²,

Osborne³

1983

Circulation Research

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“…1981;Scott and Pang, 1983] where no difference in BP was found between young SHR and WKY. In adult SHR and WKY, cannulation of one carotid artery for direct BP measure ment always caused an increase in pressure by 25-35 mm Hg [Folkowet al, 1970;Leeet al, 1983a], In Wistar rats, similar BP change due to carotid cannulation was not present when femoral cannulation was used under ether anaesthesia [Pang and Scott, 1980], It is possible that baroreceptor reflex in response to carotid cannulation is more sensitive in neonatal SHR than WKY.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Changes at the Prehypertensive Phase in the Mesenteric Arteries from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Lee¹

1985

J Vasc Res

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Morphometric measurements of three categories of mesenteric vessels (representing elastic, muscular and arteriolar vessels) from prehypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were carried out at the light and electron microscope levels. Structural alterations of the blood vessels were already present in the SHR, even though the blood pressure was not yet elevated as compared with age-matched WKY. No change was found in the elastic vessels (superior mesenteric artery). Among the muscular arteries (i.e. large mesenteric arteries), the increase in vessel wall cross-sectional area was due to the increase in the intima, media and adventitia. Increase in media was due to hyperplasia of the smooth muscle cells. The smooth muscle cells were not hypertrophied. Nerve density was also higher in the large mesenteric arteries of SHR. In the arteriolar vessels (i.e. small mesenteric arteries), wall to lumen ratio, as well as media to lumen ratio, were increased in the SHR. The number of smooth muscle cell layers was also increased. In all these vessel types, the cross-sectional area of the lumen under maximal relaxation was similar between SHR and WKY, except in small mesenteric arteries where the lumen was smaller in the SHR. Our results suggest that structural alteration of the blood vessels at the prehypertensive phase may be one of the contributing factors leading to the development of hypertension in the SHR.

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“…The catheter was inserted into the left common carotid artery with the tip in the aortic arch, and the telemetric transmitter probe was positioned subcutaneously on the right flank (6). This procedure was preferred to aortic catheterization to minimize the surgical procedure and then facilitate the recovery process, although it suppressed the left internal carotid discharges, which may, at least temporarily [ϳ1 wk in rats (26)], influence the baroreflex function. To reduce any infection and pain, the mice received one dose (20 mg/kg ip) of amoxicillin (Clamoxyl; SmithKlineBeecham, Nanterre, France) and one dose (5 mg/kg ip) of ketoprofen (Profenid; Aventis, Paris, France).…”

Section: Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of recent methods used to estimate spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity to resting mice

Laude

Baudrie²,

Elghozi³

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Laude D, Baudrie V, Elghozi J-L. Applicability of recent methods used to estimate spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity to resting mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 294: R142-R150, 2008. First published November 7, 2007 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00319.2007.-Shortterm blood pressure (BP) variability is limited by the arterial baroreflex. Methods for measuring the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) aim to quantify the gain of the transfer function between BP and pulse interval (PI) or the slope of the linear relationship between parallel BP and PI changes. These frequency-domain (spectral) and time-domain (sequence) techniques were tested in conscious mice equipped with telemetric devices. The autonomic relevance of these indexes was evaluated using pharmacological blockades. The significant changes of the spectral bandwidths resulting from the autonomic blockades were used to identify the low-frequency (LF) and highfrequency (HF) zones of interest. The LF gain was 1.45 Ϯ 0.14 ms/mmHg, with a PI delay of 0.5 s. For the HF gain, the average values were 2.0 Ϯ 0.19 ms/mmHg, with a null phase. LF and HF bands were markedly affected by atropine. On the same 51.2-s segments used for cross-spectral analysis, an average number of 26.4 Ϯ 2.2 slopes were detected, and the average slope in resting mice was 4.4 Ϯ 0.5 ms/mmHg. Atropine significantly reduced the slopes of the sequence method. BRS measurements obtained using the sequence technique were highly correlated to the spectral estimates. This study demonstrates the applicability of the recent methods used to estimate spontaneous BRS in mice. There was a vagal predominance in the baroreflex control of heart rate in conscious mice in the present conditions. baroreceptors; heart rate; sympathetic; vagus nerve THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BAROREFLEX in blood pressure (BP) regulation in mice can be appreciated by the marked increase in BP variability that occurs after sinoaortic deafferentation of baroreceptors that are located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch (9, 21). The ability of the baroreflex to buffer BP fluctuations varies depending on the frequency of the BP fluctuations (19). BP and heart rate (HR) fluctuate at regular frequencies, the magnitude of which can be accurately quantified using power spectral analysis (25, 30). The absolute frequency bands at which these oscillations occur in mice were analyzed in a previous report (3). One recent approach to estimating the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) over a stationary period is the calculation of the gain of the transfer function between BP and R-R interval in the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) bands (20,28). This spectral analysis approach has been recently applied to conscious mice (2, 7, 9 -12, 16, 18, 32). Another recent approach is the dynamic evaluation of the spontaneous BRS called the sequence technique (4). This method is based on the computerized scanning of beat-to-beat series of systolic BP and R-R interval values in search of spontaneous sequences of consecutive increases o...

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Use of the common carotid artery in blood pressure measurement in rats. A possible source of error

Abstract: Comparison of blood pressures obtained by femoral and common carotid artery cannulation has shown that in the rat anaesthetized with Nembutal an increase in blood pressure occurs after neck surgery and common carotid artery cannulation.

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The dimensional characteristics of smooth muscle in rat blood vessels. A computer-assisted analysis.

The dimensional characteristics of smooth muscle in rat blood vessels. A computer-assisted analysis.

Vascular Changes at the Prehypertensive Phase in the Mesenteric Arteries from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Applicability of recent methods used to estimate spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity to resting mice

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