Use of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory to Assess Older Adults’ Pain Coping Strategies

Ersek, Mary; Turner, Judith A.; Kemp, Carol A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2006.04.002

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Positive self-statements, taking breaks, going slower, and separating large tasks into more manageable components on a non-pain-contingent basis (e.g., coping self-statements and activity pacing) seem to become more frequently used relative to other strategies with increasing age. It is also encouraging to note that this rank order list of coping strategies in older people is almost identical to one reported in a retirement community sample of older people who were administered the CPCI (Ersek et al, 2006), supporting the idea that these are the strategies most used by many older adults to manage chronic pain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Coping With Chronic Pain Among Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living With Neurological Injury and Disease

et al. 2008

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Objective-This article compares use of pain coping strategies among older, middle-aged, and younger adults living with chronic pain and seeks to determine whether the relationship between pain severity and coping is moderated by age.Method-Participants were 464 adults reporting chronic pain secondary to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or neuromuscular disease. Participants completed a survey including measures of pain severity and the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory.Results-After controlling for clinical and demographic variables, older adults (older than 60) reported a wider range of frequently used strategies and significantly more frequent engagement in activity pacing, seeking social support, and use of coping self-statements than did younger or middleaged adults. Moderation analyses suggest that, for younger adults, efforts at coping generally increased with greater pain severity, whereas this relationship did not exist for older adults.Discussion-These data suggest differences in the quantity and quality of pain coping among age groups. Keywords chronic pain; older adults; SCI; MS; neuromuscular diseaseAging is associated with a number of uncontrollable stressors, including retirement, financial strain, bereavement, changes in social support, and health decline (Aldwin, 1990;Krause, Jay, & Liang, 1991;Murrell, Norris, & Hutchins, 1984). Despite this, most research has demonstrated a decline in perceived stress and increase in well-being with increasing age (e.g., NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript Aldwin, 1991;Paykel, 1983;Silverman, Eichler, & Williams, 1987). Consistent with this observation, research during the past several decades has examined the ways that older adults cope with stressors and has noted differences in both the process and the content of coping as compared to younger adults. In general, these differences have favored older adults, suggesting more effective coping in later life. For example, from the psychodynamic or developmental perspective, Vaillant (1977) reported that middle-aged men used fewer neurotic and immature defense mechanisms as compared to their younger selves. More recently, Diehl, Coyle, and Labouvie-Vief (1996) reported that a group of older adults reported a combination of coping strategies indicative of "greater impulse control" and positive appraisal of conflict situations as compared to younger adults and adolescents. Studies of standardized measures of coping have also supported these findings, suggesting that older adults generally use less escapism and avoidant coping (Aldwin & Revenson, 1985, cited in Aldwin, 1991 Irion & BlanchardFields, 1987). However, findings of more effective or positive coping in older adults have not been consistent across stressors or populations. Folkman, Lazarus, Pimley, and Novacek (1987) found that older people used relatively more escape avoidance, although this effect could not be replicated by Aldwin (1991). Furthermore, very small (Aldwin, Sutton, Chiara, & Spiro, 1996) or n...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…This Pacing subscale has demonstrated adequate validity and reliability in older adults living with chronic pain (Cronbach's α = .79; Ersek, Turner, & Kemp, 2006). In the present sample, the CPCI subscales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach's alphas ranging from .77 (Relaxation) to .91 (Exercise/Stretching).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Coping With Chronic Pain Among Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living With Neurological Injury and Disease

et al. 2008

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“…Pain 2007 [E-pub ahead of print, available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ journal/03043959]). 8,9,31,32 They are also consistent with studies demonstrating that one element of psychological flexibility, acceptance of pain, is substantially better than traditionally conceived coping variables at predicting the emotional, physical, and social functioning of patients with chronic pain. 20 The present study expands these results by including additional elements of psychological flexibility beyond acceptance alone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Psychological Flexibility and Traditional Pain Management Strategies in Relation to Patient Functioning With Chronic Pain: An Examination of a Revised Instrument

McCracken

Vowles

2007

The Journal of Pain

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“…In 2006, while evaluating older adults, Ersek et al [23] found that the most frequently reported strategies, as assessed by the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory, were task persistence, pacing, and coping self-statements. Another study [24] analyzing patients with chronic noncancer pain showed that the most prevalent coping strategies amongst participants included analgesic medications (78%), exercise (35%), cognitive methods (37%), religious activities (21%), and activity restriction (20%).…”

Section: Most-used Coping Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping Strategies in Chronic Pain

Peres

Lucchetti

2010

Curr Pain Headache Rep

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Patients with chronic pain need strategies to manage their pain and its impact, also known as coping. Coping is not restricted to one dimension of functioning; it involves virtually every dimension of human functioning: cognitive, affective, behavioral, and physiological. We review the literature on coping strategies for chronic pain, including concept and types of coping (eg, religious, social, psychological), as well as coping-with-pain questionnaires, studies available, other topics of interest, interventions to enhance coping with pain, and future directions in this field.

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Use of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory to Assess Older Adults’ Pain Coping Strategies

Cited by 48 publications

References 52 publications

Coping With Chronic Pain Among Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living With Neurological Injury and Disease

Coping With Chronic Pain Among Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living With Neurological Injury and Disease

Psychological Flexibility and Traditional Pain Management Strategies in Relation to Patient Functioning With Chronic Pain: An Examination of a Revised Instrument

Coping Strategies in Chronic Pain

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