Use of the adult developmental relationship in prescreening for developmental hazards

Em, Johnson; Ms, Christian; Dansky, L.A.; Be, Gabel

doi:10.1002/tcm.1770070308

Cited by 33 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…That is, samples disrupted normal development of the artificial embryo only at or near exposure levels that were also overtly toxic to the adult hydra. This situation is not unlike that in mammals, for which maternally toxic doses generally are associated with toxicity to the developing fetus [12]. The A/D ratios obtained from the Hydra Assay also detected the presence of selective toxicity found in developmental toxicity tests in laboratory mammals [2,3].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Assessing Acute Toxicities of Pre- And Post-Treatment Industrial Wastewaters With Hydra Attenuata: A Comparative Study of Acute Toxicity With the Fathead Minnow, Pimephales Promelas

Fu¹,

Staples²,

Stahl³

1994

Environ Toxicol Chem

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This study was undertaken to (a) determine wastewater treatment effectiveness using two freshwater organisms (b) compare acute toxicity results from the two species exposed to the wastewaters, and (c) link acute and potential develop mental toxicity of wastewaters in one organism The acute toxicities of several pretreatment and post treatment industrial waste water samples were evaluated with adult Hydra attenuata (92 or 96 h exposure) and fathead minnows (96 h exposure) The acute LCSOs agreed closely when results in Hydra attenuata were compared with those from fathead minnow tests Acute LC50s ranged from 3 to > 100% of sample with hydra, and from 1 0 to > 100% of sample with fathead minnows The results provided strong evidence of treatment effectiveness because toxicity decreased with progressive stages of treatment Previously the Hydra Developmental Toxicity Assay (Hydra Assay) was used as a prescreen mainly for in vitro assessment of developmental toxicity with pure compounds and to prioritize toxicants according to selective toxicity to the developing embryo (A/D ratio) Recently we modified the assay for testing natural waters and wastewaters, hence, some of the wastewater samples also were tested for their developmental toxicity In this case, the relative selective toxicity (A/D ratio) of these wastewater samples ranged from 0 7 to 2 1, indicating that no sample was uniquely toxic to the developing embryo, although acute toxicity was manifested Over all, our results indicate the Hydra Assay functions appropriately In assessments of acute and developmental toxicity of indus trial wastewaters and may be a simple and useful tool in a battery of tests for broader scale detection of environmental hazards

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Assessing Acute Toxicities of Pre- And Post-Treatment Industrial Wastewaters With Hydra Attenuata: A Comparative Study of Acute Toxicity With the Fathead Minnow, Pimephales Promelas

Fu¹,

Staples²,

Stahl³

1994

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…It was previously reported that the NOAEL values for dams and fetuses are 400 and 1060 mg kg −1 per day, respectively (OECD, ). Johnson et al () suggest that agents with a developmental hazard index (DHI, maternal NOAEL/fetal NOAEL) of ≥10 are potential human developmental toxins. Values ≥3–10 represent developmentally targeted agents, while values of <3 represent maternally targeted agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of melamine on pregnant dams and embryo‐fetal development in rats

Kim

Lee

Lim

et al. 2011

J of Applied Toxicology

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There are worldwide concerns regarding the potential adverse effect of melamine. This study investigated the potential effects of melamine on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development in Sprague-Dawley rats following maternal exposure on gestational days (GD) 6-20. Melamine was administered to pregnant rats by gavage at doses of 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg kg⁻¹ per day (n = 8-10 for each group). All dams were subjected to a Caesarean section on GD 21 and their fetuses were examined for morphological abnormalities. With administration of melamine at 800 mg kg⁻¹ per day, maternal toxicity manifested as increased incidences of clinical signs and death, lower body weight gain and food intake, and increases in heart, adrenal gland and kidney weights. Histopathological examinations revealed an increase in incidences of congestion, tubular necrosis/degeneration, crystals, casts, inflammatory cells in tubules, tubular dilation and tubular hyaline droplets in the maternal kidneys, while fetal kidneys (one fetus/litter) did not show any histopathological changes. Developmental toxic effects included a decrease in fetal weight, an increase in the incidence of skeletal variations and a delay in fetal ossification. No treatment-related maternal or developmental effects were observed at doses ≤ 400 mg kg⁻¹ per day. These results show that 15-day repeated oral dosing of melamine is embryo-/fetotoxic at a maternotoxic dose, but not teratogenic in rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of melamine for pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development is considered to be 400 mg kg⁻¹ per day.

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“…An A/D ratio > 1 expresses an ability to affect development at a concentration lower than that affecting survival. A higher ratio (>3) was considered as specifically targeting development (Johnson et al, 1987).…”

Section: Toxicity Endpoint Determinations and Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of nonylphenol on the cnidarian Hydra attenuata and environmental risk assessment

Pachura-Bouchet¹,

Blaise

Vasseur³

2006

Environmental Toxicology

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Alkylphenols and their derivatives, alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEs), are synthetic chemicals of concern owing to their endocrine properties. Nonylphenol (NP) is a critical APE metabolite because of its recalcitrance to biodegradation, toxicity, and ability to bio-accumulate in aquatic organisms. Studies of NP effects in vertebrates demonstrated estrogenic disrupting properties in fish, birds, reptiles, and mammal cells in which NP displaces the natural estrogen from its receptor. Less is known on its toxicity toward invertebrates. Effects on reproduction have been reported, but toxicity on development has been poorly documented thus far. We investigated NP toxicity on survival and regeneration of the freshwater coelenterate Hydra attenuata. Hydra is known for its regenerative capacity and its sensitivity to chemical pollution. It has been used for over 20 years to screen for teratogenicity of chemicals (Johnson et al. (1982) Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 2:263-276). Our results showed that hydra appeared as one of the most sensitive species to acute and chronic toxicity of NP compared to several freshwater invertebrates. Regeneration was disrupted at NP concentrations lower than those affecting survival. Toxicity thresholds of NP for aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates are also reported and discussed in the context of environmental risk assessment and of water quality objectives recommended for surface waters in industrialized countries. NP levels have decreased during the last decade because of a voluntary agreement of surfactant producers and users. At present, concentrations of NP found in surface waters are far below 1 microg/L in Europe, but can reach several microg/L when wastewater treatment plant inefficiency occurs.

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Use of the adult developmental relationship in prescreening for developmental hazards

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Assessing Acute Toxicities of Pre- And Post-Treatment Industrial Wastewaters With Hydra Attenuata: A Comparative Study of Acute Toxicity With the Fathead Minnow, Pimephales Promelas

Assessing Acute Toxicities of Pre- And Post-Treatment Industrial Wastewaters With Hydra Attenuata: A Comparative Study of Acute Toxicity With the Fathead Minnow, Pimephales Promelas

Effects of melamine on pregnant dams and embryo‐fetal development in rats

Toxicity of nonylphenol on the cnidarian Hydra attenuata and environmental risk assessment

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