Use of Technology in Controlling Estrus in Cattle

Under Positive Pressure

“…. that it will stop using leather from cattle raised in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest” (Lehman, 2009, p. 1), followed quickly by “German sports goods maker Adidas [which] obliged its suppliers to stop using leather from Amazonia” ( German Business Digest , 2009, p. 1). Stakeholders thus have direct influences on CSR implementation, as recent research focusing on environmentally responsible company behavior demonstrates (Darnall, Henriques, & Sadorsky, 2010; Murillo-Luna, Garcés-Ayerbe, & Rivera-Torres, 2008).…”

Controlled breeding in dairy cows. Part 2: selection and ethical implications

“…The majority of texts and scientific papers describing oestrus synchronisation in cattle make little or no reference to the ethical and animal welfare implications of treatment. Some even state categorically that there are no animal welfare implications of synchronisation protocols others 2002, Lehman andLauderdale 2015); however, there can be little doubt that handling and injecting cows conveys some level of discomfort to the animals involved and, consequently, there are welfare implications of these protocols. Perhaps the effect is greatest when multiple synchronisation programmes are used in series; for example, if a cow requires an average of three services to achieve a pregnancy, a herd that uses presynchronisation, followed by three Ovsynch-56 protocols will administer an average of 11 hormone injections per cow, per pregnancy.…”