Use of TaqMan Array Cards to Screen Outbreak Specimens for Causes of Febrile Illness in Tanzania

Abade, Ahmed; Eidex, Rachel B.; Maro, Athanasia; Gratz, Jean; Liu, Jie; Kiwelu, Ireen; Mujaga, Buliga; Kelly, Maria Ezekiely; Mmbaga, Blandina T.; Gibson, James J.; Mosha, Fausta; Houpt, Eric R.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0071

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The PCR-based TaqMan Array Card (TAC) system [ 15–18 ] used in this analysis was designed to detect AFI-associated viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal pathogens. The TAC system allows simultaneous detection of a wide range of pathogens (see Supplementary Table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens That Cause Acute Febrile Illness Among Children and Adolescents in Burkina Faso, Madagascar, and Sudan

Marks

Liu

Soura

et al. 2021

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Background The etiology and optimal clinical management of acute febrile illness (AFI) is poorly understood. Methods Blood samples taken from study participants with acute fever (≥37.5°C) or a history of fever and recruited into the previous Typhoid-Fever-Surveillance-in-Africa (TSAP) study were evaluated using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based TaqMan-Array Card designed to detect a panel of bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens. Clinical metadata were also assessed. Results A total of 615 blood samples available for analysis originated from Burkina Faso (n=53), Madagascar (n=364) and Sudan (n=198) and were taken from participants ranging from 0-19 years of age. Most individuals [86.4% (531/615)] presenting at healthcare facilities were outpatient adolescents (11-19 years-old). Leading clinical diagnoses were respiratory tract infections [45.9% (282/615)], malaria [27.3% (168/615)], and gastrointestinal tract infections [10.7% (66/615)]. Through the TaqMan-Array Card, at least one pathogen was detected in 62% (33/53), 24% (86/364), and 60% (118/198) of specimens, from Burkina Faso, Madagascar and Sudan, respectively. The leading identified pathogen overall was Plasmodium spp., accounting for 47% (25/53), 2.2% (8/364) and 45% (90/198) of AFI at respective sites. In Madagascar, dengue virus was the most prevalent pathogen (10.2%). Overall, 69% (357/516) of patients with clinical diagnoses of malaria, respiratory, or gastrointestinal infections were prescribed a WHO-guideline-recommended empiric antibiotic,whereas only 45% (106/237) of patients with pathogens detected were treated with an antibiotic exerting likely activity. Conclusions A PCR-approach for identifying multiple bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens in whole blood unveiled a diversity of previously undetected pathogens in AFI cases and carries implications for the appropriate management of this common syndrome.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens That Cause Acute Febrile Illness Among Children and Adolescents in Burkina Faso, Madagascar, and Sudan

Marks

Liu

Soura

et al. 2021

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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“…Recently TaqMan Array Cards have been customised for detection of 48 different pathogens from a single sample [17]. TaqMan Array Cards have been used for various purposes, including: elucidation of aetiological agents febrile illness [18], purulent meningitis [19] and more recently for the detection multiple respiratory pathogens from a single specimen [20]. Findings from a birth cohort study conducted to explore diarrhoeal aetiology among Bangladeshi infants using TAC reported that enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), Campylobacter, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), rotavirus and Entamoeba histolytica were the most frequent contributors of diarrhoea in the first year of life [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of TaqMan Array Cards to investigate the aetiological agents of diarrhoea among young infants with severe acute malnutrition

Palit

Nuzhat

Khan

et al. 2021

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objectives: Studies involving less sensitive conventional microscopy and culture-based approaches have identified distinct differences in diarrhoeal aetiology in childhood malnutrition. Our study involved the use of an advanced molecular biology technique, the TaqMan Array Cards (TAC), to elucidate the diarrhoeal aetiology among young infants with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Method: A total of 113 faecal samples was collected from SAM infants, aged 2-6 months, upon admission to the Dhaka Hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) with complications of diarrhoea and related comorbidities. We used TAC for the detection of 29 different diarrhoeal enteropathogens from a single faecal sample. For comparison, we also analysed 25 diarrhoeal samples from wellnourished infants of similar age.Results: Higher odds of detection of all bacterial enteropathogens were associated with diarrhoea among SAM infants. In particular, the detection of Aeromonas sp (aOR: 25.7, p = 0.011), Campylobacter sp (aOR: 9.6, p < 0.01) and ETEC (aOR: 5.2, p = 0.022) was significantly associated with diarrhoea among SAM infants in comparison to wellnourished infants. 80% higher odds of detection of rotavirus and norovirus GII were associated with diarrhoea among well-nourished infants in comparison to SAM infants (aOR: 0.2, p < 0.05). Conclusion:Our study findings demonstrate a difference in diarrhoeal aetiology among SAM and well-nourished young infants, which may be useful in providing an evidence-based logic for possible revision of treatment guidelines for treatment of young diarrhoeal infants with SAM in the early management of the menace of antimicrobial resistance.

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“…The largest outbreak was in Kampala, Uganda, between February and June 2015, where a total of 10 230 suspected cases were associated with a typhoid-confirmed breakout [11], although the magnitude of the outbreak in South Africa in 1900 might have been larger [8]. Recent outbreaks have occurred mostly in East Africa: Moyale, Kenya (December 2014–January 2015) [11]; Kampala, Uganda (February–June 2015) [12]; Kigoma, Tanzania (May 2015) [13]; and Kirehe, Rwanda (October 2015–January 2016) [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Africa

Kim

Parajulee

et al. 2019

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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BackgroundOur current understanding of the burden and distribution of typhoid fever in Africa relies on extrapolation of data from a small number of population-based incidence rate estimates. However, many other records on the occurrence of typhoid fever are available, and those records contain information that may enrich our understanding of the epidemiology of the disease as well as secular trends in reporting by country and over time.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of typhoid fever occurrence in Africa, published in PubMed, Embase, and ProMED (Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases).ResultsAt least one episode of culture-confirmed typhoid fever was reported in 42 of 57 African countries during 1900–2018. The number of reports on typhoid fever has increased over time in Africa and was highly heterogeneous between countries and over time. Outbreaks of typhoid fever were reported in 15 countries, with their frequency and size increasing over time.ConclusionsEfforts should be made to leverage existing typhoid data, for example, by incorporating them into models for estimating the burden and distribution of typhoid fever.

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Use of TaqMan Array Cards to Screen Outbreak Specimens for Causes of Febrile Illness in Tanzania

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Pathogens That Cause Acute Febrile Illness Among Children and Adolescents in Burkina Faso, Madagascar, and Sudan

Pathogens That Cause Acute Febrile Illness Among Children and Adolescents in Burkina Faso, Madagascar, and Sudan

Use of TaqMan Array Cards to investigate the aetiological agents of diarrhoea among young infants with severe acute malnutrition

A Systematic Review of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Africa

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