Use of Symmetric Dimethylarginine to Detect Renal Lesions in Fish: A Preliminary Study in Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis)

Raulic, Juliette; Lamglait, Benjamin; Vergneau‐Grosset, Claire

doi:10.1638/2020-0218

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…17, 22 Evidence to support SDMA's utility in cheetahs and tigers (Panthera tigris) has been explored, 1,6,16,20,30 and reference intervals have been generated in other nondomestic species, including koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). 23,27 There were multiple inherent shortcomings encountered in the study. Overall, few analytes have been officially validated in the Florida manatee, and clinicians often rely on a variety of standardized biochemical assays for sirenians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Evaluation of Symmetric Dimethylarginine as a Biomarker of Renal Insufficiency in Wild and Rehabilitated Florida Manatees (Trichechus Manatus Latirostris)

Smith¹,

Bonde²,

Nau³

et al. 2023

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Currently, there are limited antemortem tests available to evaluate renal function in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Although few reports of renal pathology in manatees exist in the veterinary literature, debilitated animals that present to rehabilitation centers are frequently dehydrated, may have sustained renal trauma secondary to watercraft injury, and may experience ischemic events related to coagulation disorders leading to renal compromise. Clinicians remain limited to the analysis of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels, and urinalysis (if urine is obtained) to determine the extent of renal insufficiency, which may not accurately reflect renal function. This poses a diagnostic challenge for clinicians in discerning how critical renal compromise is to the animal's overall health and prognosis. For the first phase of this study, retrospective symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) values were determined from banked serum or plasma samples from 14 wild Florida manatees that had been collected while the animals were under rehabilitation in zoological institutions prior to their deaths. Values of SDMA for nine samples from eight manatees with known renal disease, as determined by histopathology, were compared to SDMA values for seven samples from six manatees with no reported renal lesions on histopathology. Values of SDMA from wild Florida manatees with known renal disease (mean 33.56 lg/dl 6 13.15, P ¼ 0.017) were statistically significantly elevated when compared to SDMA values from manatees with no reported renal lesions (mean ¼ 18.71 lg/dl 6 6.9) on histopathology. For the second phase of the study, serum or plasma samples were obtained from wild manatee populations from two geographically separate presumed-healthy wild manatee populations (n ¼ 57). Although the upper limit was higher, serum SDMA concentrations from presumed-healthy wild manatees were comparable to those reported in small animal and equine medicine at 5.88-16.97 lg/dl.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Evaluation of Symmetric Dimethylarginine as a Biomarker of Renal Insufficiency in Wild and Rehabilitated Florida Manatees (Trichechus Manatus Latirostris)

Smith¹,

Bonde²,

Nau³

et al. 2023

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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“…After acetylation, non-polar metabolites of MS-222 are typically excreted via the gills while polar metabolites and native MS-222 are excreted via the kidneys. 26 While renal function is challenging to assess in fish, 27 their developmental stage influences renal physiology, with a correlation of the mesonephric nephrons number with body mass and variation of glomeruli distribution overtime, as demonstrated in zebrafish. 28 Thus, the different age and body mass of goldfish used in the present study could explain that euthanasia was efficient with MS-222 at 1000 mg/L for 15 minutes, while it was reported inefficient in adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of prolonged immersion in tricaine methanesulfonate for juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) euthanasia

Perret-Thiry

Raulic

Vergneau‐Grosset

2022

javma

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OBJECTIVE Doses of buffered tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) up to 1000 mg/L for 15 minutes are reported inefficient to produce euthanasia in goldfish. The goal of this study was to determine if goldfish can be euthanized by more prolonged immersion in MS-222. ANIMALS 24 healthy goldfish (weight range: 1 to 10 g) were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 6 fish. PROCEDURES The first group (G1) was exposed to 500 mg/L buffered MS-222 for 15 minutes then placed in freshwater for 3 hours. The second (G2) and third groups (G3) were exposed to 1000 mg/L of buffered MS-222 for 15 minutes then placed in freshwater for 3 hours and 18 hours respectively. The fourth group (G4) was exposed to 1000 mg/L of buffered MS-222 for 60 minutes then placed in freshwater for 3 hours. Time to cessation and return of operculation were recorded. If the goldfish did not resume operculation, heart rate was evaluated by Doppler ultrasonic flow detector. RESULTS Median times to apnea were 35 seconds at 1000 mg/L and 65 seconds at 500 mg/L. Re-operculation occurred only in G1 in 5 out of 6 individuals. All fish from G1, 3 fish from G2, 0 fish from G3, 1 fish from G4 had remaining heartbeats at the end of the observation period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Overall, a dose of 1000 mg/L of buffered MS-222 for 15 minutes was efficient to euthanize juvenile goldfish at 20 °C. Different fish body mass and water quality parameters might explain different results compared to previous studies.

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Diet-induced nephrocalcinosis in aquarium-raised juvenile spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor

Béland,

Rousseau,

Lair

2024

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Wolffish are regularly housed in aquaria, but little data on their husbandry and health is available for caretakers. High occurrence rates of nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis have been observed in Atlantic Anarhichas lupus and spotted A. minor wolffish housed at 2 Canadian zoological institutions. To explore the effect of diet on nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis development, a 16 mo prospective study was conducted. A total of 32 juvenile spotted wolffish were randomly assigned to one of 4 experimental groups fed exclusively with the following diet: (1) Skretting® Europa 18 pellets; (2) Mazuri® LS Aquatic Carni-Blend Diet Formula; (3) vitamin-supplemented fish-based diet, and (4) vitamin-supplemented invertebrate-based diet. Urinalysis, radiographs, and complete necropsies were performed at the end of the study. None of the wolffish developed uroliths during the study period. All specimens fed with the fish-based and invertebrate-based diets developed nephrocalcinosis, whereas this condition was seen in 12.5 and 0% of the fish in the Skretting® and Mazuri® groups, respectively. Affected wolffish often presented with oxalate crystalluria and increased radiodensity of the posterior kidneys. Urinalysis and radiographic study were considered useful in the antemortem diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis. None of the previously published risk factors for the development of nephrocalcinosis in fish were supported by the results of this study. However, nutritional analyses of the 4 diets suggest that high dietary levels of gelatin or vitamin C or low levels of vitamin E could be potential risk factors for the development of nephrocalcinosis in spotted wolffish and thus warrant further study.

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Use of Symmetric Dimethylarginine to Detect Renal Lesions in Fish: A Preliminary Study in Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis)

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Preliminary Evaluation of Symmetric Dimethylarginine as a Biomarker of Renal Insufficiency in Wild and Rehabilitated Florida Manatees (Trichechus Manatus Latirostris)

Preliminary Evaluation of Symmetric Dimethylarginine as a Biomarker of Renal Insufficiency in Wild and Rehabilitated Florida Manatees (Trichechus Manatus Latirostris)

Evaluation of prolonged immersion in tricaine methanesulfonate for juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) euthanasia

Diet-induced nephrocalcinosis in aquarium-raised juvenile spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor

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