Use of spent garnet in industry: A review

Jamaludin, Nur Farah Aziera; Muthusamy, Khairunisa; Isa, Nurul Nabilah; Jaafar, Mohd Faizal Md; Ghazali, Norhaiza

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.210

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Other reported oxide groups in garnet waste included SiO 2 (27.13%), Al 2 O 3 (17.73%), MgO (4.90%), and CaO (1.89%). These findings aligned with garnet waste related studies, in which Fe 2 O 3 was consistently recognised as the primary constituent[13,33,54]. Chemical composition summary of the XRF results for POFA, garnet waste, and sawdust…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

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Exploring the chemical properties and microstructural characterisations of hybrid asphalt binders for enhanced performance

Sani,

Jaya,

Masri

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Approximately 3 billion metric tonnes of garbage involving industrial and agricultural waste is expected to be generated by 2030, posing a significant environmental hazard. Notably, recycling or reusing asphalt modification components (palm oil fuel ash (POFA), garnet waste, and sawdust) in pavement construction encounter ongoing challenges. This study comprehensively assessed the chemical characteristics and microstructure analysis of individual wastes and various hybrid asphalt binder mixtures incorporated with these components. The mixture consisted of asphalt grade 60/70 blended with varying amounts (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) of POFA, garnet waste, and sawdust. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were also employed to examine the chemical compositions of the raw waste materials. Meanwhile, the microstructure properties of various hybrid asphalt binder mixtures were analysed utilising Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Consequently, this study presented that the correlation between the 6% POFA, 6% garnet waste, and 6% sawdust substantially impacted the chemical composition and morphology of the mixture. The findings of this study demonstrated that including POFA, garnet waste, and sawdust in a hybrid asphalt binder mixture could enhance performance and engineering properties.

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confidence: 83%

“…This observation indicates possible chemical interactions that improve the overall stability, bonding, and durability of the modified bitumen. Several studies have revealed that Fe is the main chemical component in all analysed samples [32,33]. Nevertheless, substantial amounts of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 have also been identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exploring the chemical properties and microstructural characterisations of hybrid asphalt binders for enhanced performance

Sani,

Jaya,

Masri

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The key issue of this study was to analyze the possibility of using residue from abrasive wear of steel and engineering plastics, recycle it and reuse it for production of cement composites. In this regard, so-called spent garnets [ 36 ] are used. The word “garnet” refers to a group of complex silicate minerals with similar crystal structures and diverse chemical compositions [ 38 ].…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, because most research centers use only fine aggregates, these composites contain a relatively large amount of fine natural aggregate, the availability of which is becoming limited [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. In addition, the increase in demand for natural sand not only causes its depletion, but also adversely affects the environment by causing, among others, the dredging of river beds, lowering of the water table and destruction of embankments [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. The solution is to search for alternative aggregates [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are only a few studies that investigate the reuse of spent abrasives, used, e.g., for water jet cutting or for the production of concretes and mortars. In a review paper, Jamaludin et al [ 36 ] concluded that spent garnet is a promising waste material that can be used for the production of construction materials, especially concrete. Higher hardness and finer grain size makes it suitable for use as a partial fine aggregate in concrete or brick making.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early-Age Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Mortar with Spent Garnet

et al. 2021

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This study determines the effect of spent garnet as a replacement for natural sand in 3D-printed mortar at early ages. Five mixes with different spent garnet amounts were prepared (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% by volume). The ratio of binder to aggregate remained unchanged. In all mixes the water/binder ratio was assumed as a constant value of 0.375. Tests were performed to confirm the printability of the mix (a path quality test using a gantry robot with an extruder). Determinations of key buildability properties of the mix (green strength and Young’s Modulus) during uniaxial compressive strength at 15 min, 30 min and 45 min after adding water were conducted. A hydraulic press and the GOM ARAMIS precision image analysis system were used to conduct the study. The results showed that an increase in spent garnet content caused a decrease in green strength and Young’s Modulus (up to 69.91% and 80.37%, respectively). It was found that to maintain proper buildability, the recommended maximum replacement rate of natural sand with garnet is 50%. This research contributes new knowledge in terms of using recycled waste in the 3D printing technology of cementitious materials.

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