Use of solvents in industries in Korea: experience in Sinpyeong-Jangrim industrial complex

Moon, Chan‐Seok; Chun, Jin Ho; Ikeda, Masayuki

doi:10.1007/s004200000197

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Literature retrieval gave 7 publications in the past 10 years ( Table 7). Some of them were case reports [23][24][25] or compilations of cases 26,27) , and others were from field surveys [28][29][30] . Compilation of solvent names reported in these articles clearly suggests that toluene is the leading solvent involved (Table 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these articles, the reports by Moon et al 28) and Keski-Säntti et al 26) deserve particular attention, as a large number of cases were studied. According to Moon et al 28) , analyses of solvents used in 862 workplaces showed that toluene was most frequently detected in painting, printing, adhesive applying and cleaning workplaces, and that the patterns in types of solvents used were generally very similar to Ukai et al 11) , Yasugi et al 13) and Samoto et al 14) except that trichloroethylene was in use in cleaning workplaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Solvent Use in Enterprises in Japan

et al. 2011

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This study was initiated to elucidate possible changes in types of organic solvents (to be called solvents in short) used in enterprises in Japan through comparison of current solvent types with historical data since 1983. To investigate current situation in solvent use in enterprises, surveys were conducted during one year of 2009 to 2010. In total, workroom air samples in 1,497 unit workplaces with solvent use were analyzed in accordance with regulatory requirements. Typical use pattern of solvents was as mixtures, accounting for >70% of cases. Adhesives spreading (followed by adhesion) was relatively common in small-scale enterprises, whereas printing and painting work was more common in middle-scale ones, and solvent use for testing and research purpose was basically in large-scaled enterprises. Through-out printing, painting, surface coating and adhesive application, toluene was most common (being detected in 49 to 82% of workplaces depending on work types), whereas isopropyl alcohol was most common (49%) in degreasing, cleaning and wiping workplaces. Other commonly used solvents were methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate and acetone (33 to 37%). Comparison with historical data in Japan and literature-retrieved data outside of Japan all agreed with the observation that toluene is the most commonly used solvent. Application of trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane, once common in 1980s, has ceased to exist in recent years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Solvent Use in Enterprises in Japan

et al. 2011

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“…Because more than one solvent was detected in most air samples (noting that the use of a mixture rather than unmixed individual solvent was common [7][8][9][10] ), the additiveness formula 11,12) was applied (including the cases of single solvent use), taking the measured concentration as a numerator and the ministry-defined administrative control level (ACL) 3) There were more than 2,000 employees in 9 enterprises, which are not shown in Fig. 1 [A].…”

Section: Measurement Of Solvent Vapor Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Vapor Concentrations in Solvent Workplaces in Larger-Scale Enterprises than in Smaller-Scale Enterprises, and Exceptions.

Ukai¹,

Okamoto²,

Takada³

et al. 2004

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between environmental vapor concentrations in organic solvent workplaces and size of enterprises, and to examine if occupational hygiene conditions were better in larger-scale enterprises. For this purpose, a total of 3,567 solvent workplaces were surveyed for environmental solvent vapor concentrations in 1999 to 2002. The results were classified by the size of enterprises (taking the number of employees as an indicator) and by the type of solvent work. It was observed that the vapor concentration in a typical small-scale enterprise was approximately three times as high as that in the large-scale enterprise, although the administrative control levels were not exceeded in general. The proportion of testing and research work (with less use of organic solvents and thus low vapor concentrations) among all solvent workplaces was higher in large-scale enterprises than in small-scale enterprises. The vapor concentrations in this type of workplace did not differ however irrespective of the enterprise size. Further comparison in various types of solvent workplaces disclosed similar size-dependent difference in workplaces for degreasing, cleaning, wiping, printing, and surface coating. In painting and solventdrying work, in contrast, there was no difference in environmental concentration regardless of the size of enterprises, possibly because environmental improvement of this type of workplaces was technically more difficult than others. Thus, it was concluded that large-scale enterprises generally had better control of work environments than small-scale enterprises, with possible exceptions of painting work and solvent-drying work.

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“…Although the use of toluene appears to have been decreasing in recent years, this solvent is still most popular in various workplaces, especially in the workplaces for printing, adhesive spreading/adhesion, and painting [1][2][3][4] . Accordingly, investigations have been made successfully to develop methods for biological monitoring of exposure to toluene by means of urinalysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzyl Alcohol as a Marker of Occupational Exposure to Toluene

et al. 2007

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Benzyl alcohol (BeOH) is a urinary metabolite of toluene, which has been seldom evaluated for biological monitoring of exposure to this popular solvent. The present study was initiated to develop a practical method for determination of BeOH in urine and to examine if this metabolite can be applied as a marker of occupational exposure to toluene. A practical gas-liquid chromatographic method was successfully developed in the present study with sensitivity low enough for the application (the limit of detection; 5 µ µ µ µ µg BeOH /l urine with CV=2.7%). Linearity was confirmed up to 10 mg BeOH/l, the highest concentration tested, and the reproducibility was also satisfactory with a coefficient of variation of 2.7% (n=10). A tentative application of the method in a small scale study with 45 male workers [exposed to toluene up to 130 ppm as an 8-h time-weighted average (8-h TWA)] showed that BeOH in the end-of-shift urine samples was proportional to the intensity of exposure to toluene. The calculated regression equation was Y=50+1.7X (r=0.80, p<0.01), where X was toluene in air (in ppm as 8-h TWA) and Y was BeOH in urine (in µ µ µ µ µg/l of end-of-shift urine). The levels of BeOH in the urine of the non-exposed was about 50 µ µ µ µ µg/l, and ingestion of benzoate as a preservative in soft drinks did not affect the BeOH level in urine. The findings as a whole suggest that BeOH is a promising candidate for biological monitoring of occupational exposure to toluene.

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Use of solvents in industries in Korea: experience in Sinpyeong-Jangrim industrial complex

Abstract: Toluene was identified as the most frequently used solvent in solvent works in Korean manufacture industries in the late 1990s. Eight types of solvent were popularly used in five popular types of solvent work. These trends are very similar to the cases reported for industries in Japan.

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Organic Solvent Use in Enterprises in Japan

Organic Solvent Use in Enterprises in Japan

Lower Vapor Concentrations in Solvent Workplaces in Larger-Scale Enterprises than in Smaller-Scale Enterprises, and Exceptions.

Benzyl Alcohol as a Marker of Occupational Exposure to Toluene

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