Use of solid phase microextraction to identify volatile organic compounds in brazilian wines from different grape varieties

Abstract

Use of solid phase microextraction to identify volatile organic compounds in brazilian wines from different grape varieties Identificação de compostos orgânicos voláteis de vinhos brasileiros de diferentes castas por microextração em fase sólida AbstractThe Brazilian wine industry has shown significant growth in recent years and the insertion of new concepts, such as geographical indications as signs of quality, has placed Brazil in tune with the tendencies of world wine production. The aim of this work was to apply the Solid Phase Microextraction technique in combination with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to study Brazilian wines made from different grape varieties, in order to separate and identify their volatile organic compounds. These substances were identified by comparisons between the spectra obtained with those presented in the NIST library database, and by comparisons with linear retention indices and literature data. The amounts of the compounds were calculated based on the total peak areas of the chromatograms. Forty-seven volatile compounds were identified and grouped into alcohols, aldehydes, fatty acids, esters, hydrocarbons, ketones and terpenes. Most of them belonged to the ester function, conferring a fruity aroma on the wines. The alcohols may have originated from the yeast metabolism, contributing to the alcoholic and floral aromas. Ethyl lactate, 1-hexanol and diethyl maleate were identified in all the varieties, except Merlot. Decanal, methyl citronellate, (E)-2-hexenyl-3-methylbutyrate were only found in Merlot, while 2,3-butanediol was only present in the Tannat wines. 2-Phenylethanol was present in all varieties and is recognized as giving pleasant rose and honey attributes to wines. This study showed that the volatile profile of red wines is mainly characterized by esters and higher alcohols. The statistical analysis of the comparison of averages showed a greater amount of averages significantly different in the relative areas of Merlot wine. The Principal Component Analysis showed one grouping composed only of the Merlot wine samples, and this was probably related to the existence of the volatile organic compounds that were specifically identified in these wines. Keywords: Brazilian wines; Chemical compounds; SPME; GC-MS; Volatile profile; Red wines. ResumoA indústria vinícola brasileira apresentou crescimento significativo nos últimos anos e a inserção de conceitoscomo, por exemplo, indicações geográficas como sinais de qualidade -colocou o Brasil em sintonia com as tendências da produção mundial. Este trabalho objetivou aplicar a técnica de microextração em fase sólida em combinação com a cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa, para analisar vinhos brasileiros produzidos com diferentes variedades de uva, a fim de separar e identificar seus compostos orgânicos voláteis. Estes foram identificados por meio de comparações entre os espectros obtidos e os da base de dados da biblioteca do National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), e por comparações com índices de r...

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