Use of Soil Mechanics Data in Correlation and Interpretation of Lake Agassiz Sediments

Rominger, J. F.; Rutledge, P. C.

doi:10.1086/625946

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In addition, Ashworth and Cvancara (1983) summarized the fossil evidence in the southern Lake Agassiz basin from 29 sites, most from the Moorhead phase interval, which include vertebrates, molluscs, and insects. Rivers incised their channels across the floor of the southern Lake Agassiz basin at this time (Arndt, 1977), and a weak soil developed (Rominger and Rutledge, 1952), before the basin was again submerged by rising Lake Agassiz waters. Teller et al (2005) summarized the arguments for and against eastward overflow from Lake Agassiz, noting that "Warman (1991), Minning et al (1994), Thorleifson (1996), and Teller and Leverington (2004) have raised questions about an eastward routing between 11 and 10 14 C ka".…”

Section: Lake Agassiz and Its Younger Dryas Link To Global Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Lake Agassiz during the Younger Dryas

Teller

2013

Quat. res.

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Lake Agassiz was ponded on the northward-sloping surface of the Hudson Bay and Arctic Ocean basins, as the Laurentide Ice Sheet retreated. The level of Lake Agassiz abruptly fell ~ 12.9 cal (11 14C) ka BP, exposing the lake floor over a large region for > 1000 yr. The routing of overflow during this (Moorhead low-water) period is uncertain, and there is evidence on the continent and in ocean basins for both an easterly route through the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence to the North Atlantic and for a northwesterly route through the Clearwater–Athabasca–Mackenzie system to the Arctic Ocean. The Moorhead low water phase coincides with the Younger Dryas cooling, and a cause–effect relationship has been proposed by attributing a change in ocean thermohaline circulation to the re-routing of Lake Agassiz freshwaters from the Gulf of Mexico to more northern oceans. Paleoclimatic interpretations from ecosystems in lake sediments in the region, and a simple calculation of the paleohydrological budget of Lake Agassiz, indicate that the climate remained wet and cool throughout the YD in this region, and was not warm nor dry enough to allow evaporative loss to offset the influx of meltwater and precipitation; thus, the Moorhead phase resulted from changes in the outlet that carried overflow.

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Section: Lake Agassiz and Its Younger Dryas Link To Global Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Lake Agassiz during the Younger Dryas

Teller

2013

Quat. res.

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“…of a drainage network (Rominger and Rutledge, 1952;Harris et al, 1974;Arndt, 1977). To the north of this, in the lower Red River Valley, there is no evidence for a drying episode of this magnitude.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary History of Lake Manitoba, Canada

Teller

Last

1981

Quat. res.

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The postglacial history of Lake Manitoba has been deduced from a study of the changes in physical, mineralogical, and chemical variables in sediment cores collected from the lake. Six lithostratigraphic units are recognized in the South Basin of the lake. Weakly developed pedogenic zones, reflecting dry or extremely low water conditions in the basin, separate five of these six units. The initial phase of lacustrine sedimentation in the Lake Manitoba basin began shortly after 12,000 yr B.P. as water was impounded in front of the receding glacier to form Lake Agassiz. By 11,000 yr ago, continued retreat of the ice sheet opened lower outlets to the east and much of Lake Agassiz drained, including the Lake Manitoba basin. Water levels again rose at 9900 yr B.P., but by about 9200 yr B.P. the South Basin was again dry. For the next 4700 yr there was an alternation of wet and dry conditions in the basin in response to the interaction of a warmer and drier climate and differential crustal rebound of the basin. About 4500 yr ago a new phase of Lake Manitoba sedimentation was initiated when the Assiniboine River began to discharge into the South Basin. The Assiniboine River was diverted out of the Lake Manitoba watershed about 2200 yr ago. Erosion and redistribution of the sandy deltaic sediments deposited by the Assiniboine River has created the barrier beach that now separates the extensive marsh to the south of the lake from the main lake.

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“…A subglacial consolidation model It has been generally assumed (Rominger & Rutledge 1952, Harrison 1968, Legget 1962, Kazi & Knill 1969) that the consolidation pressures to which subglacial materials are subjected is merely given by the pressure due to the overlying ice column. Harrison (1958) has claimed to have deduced the maximum thicknesses of glacier ice which had overridden a series of lake sediments from determinations of their preconsolidation pressures.…”

Section: Consolidation Of Subglacial Tillmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of genetic processes on some geotechnical properties of glacial tills

Boulton

Paul²

1976

QJEGH

172

103

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The principle characteristics of debris in transport by glaciers are described and the way in which this material is subsequently deposited as till. Three principal types of till are described, lodgement till, melt-out till and flow till, which can be related to typical sediment/landform models and which can form a good basis for site investigation planning. A proglacial/subglacial sediment association and land system is defined, in which lodgement till and proglacial outwash are the principal sediments, and in which drumlins, fluted moraines and push moraines, and kettle holes and eskers are the principal landforms. A supraglacial sediment association and land system is also defined, in which a suite of supraglacial sediments and landforms are superimposed on the subglacial/proglacial land system. The sediments comprise flow till, melt-out till and supraglacial outwash sediments, and the landforms largely comprise kame moraines. A third land system, the glaciated valley land system comprises chiefly medial and lateral moraines, in which the till is derived supraglacially from flanking valley sides, and kame terraces.Till genesis influences the geotechnical properties of tills through its control on several important characteristics: grain-size distribution and its spatial variation; the stress history of the till; the nature of the sequence in which the till lies, e.g. the presence of stratified horizons; and jointing in the till. Post-depositionaI processes which change these characteristics are also important. The processes considered are: post-depositional wetting and drying; freezing and thawing; remoulding; and downward percolation of fines.

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Use of Soil Mechanics Data in Correlation and Interpretation of Lake Agassiz Sediments

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Lake Agassiz during the Younger Dryas

Lake Agassiz during the Younger Dryas

Late Quaternary History of Lake Manitoba, Canada

The influence of genetic processes on some geotechnical properties of glacial tills

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