Use of Soil Invertebrate Avoidance Tests as an Emerging Tool in Soil Ecotoxicology

Gainer, Amy; Owojori, Olugbenga J.; Maboeta, Mark

doi:10.1007/s44169-021-00004-4

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…A positive NR indicated an avoidance of the contaminated substrate, whereas a negative value indicated an attraction to the tested contaminant (Gainer et al 2022 ; Xu et al 2020 ). According to the standard protocol (ISO- 17512 – 1 , 2008 ), the soil has limited habitat function if the positive NR is higher than 70%; this occurs when at least 80% of earthworms avoid the treated substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variability in the no-observed-adverse-effect level is undoubtedly linked to various factors such as substrate properties, earthworm species (Calisi et al 2011 ; Duan et al 2016 ; Karimi et al 2021 ), earthworm development stage and Cu formulation administered (Gainer et al 2022 ; Wang et al 2018 ). In Helling et al ( 2000 ), for example, adverse effects were already measured on the earthworms’ growth at 8.92 mg/kg soil Cu, but it should be noted that freshly hatched earthworms were used instead of clitellate earthworms, as in the present study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Copper toxicity on Eisenia fetida in a vineyard soil: a combined study with standard tests, genotoxicity assessment and gut metagenomic analysis

Marini,

De Bernardi,

Tagliabue

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Copper (Cu) toxicity is a pressing concern for several soils, especially in organic viticulture. The objective of this work was to assess Cu toxicity on the non-target organism Eisenia fetida, employing both traditional and novel tools for early identification of Cu-induced damages. In addition to traditional tests like avoidance and reproductive toxicity experiments, other tests such as the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and gut microbiome analysis were evaluated to identify early and more sensitive pollution biomarkers. Four sub-lethal Cu concentrations were studied, and the results showed strong dose-dependent responses by the earthworm avoidance test and the exceeding of habitat threshold limit at the higher Cu doses. An inverse proportionality was observed between reproductive output and soil Cu concentration. Bioaccumulation was not detected in earthworms; soil concentrations of potentially bioavailable Cu were not affected by E. fetida presence or by time. On the contrary, the SCGE test revealed dose-dependent genotoxicity for the ‘tail length’ parameter already at the second day of Cu exposition. Gut microbiome analysis a modulation of microbial composition, with the most aboundant families being Pectobateriaceae, Comamonadaceae and Microscillaceae. Bacillaceae increased over time and showed adaptability to copper up to 165 mg/kg, while at the highest dose even the sensitive Acetobacteriaceae family was affected. The research provided new insights into the ecotoxicity of Cu sub-lethal doses highlighting both alterations at earthworms’ cellular level and changes in their gut microbiota.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper toxicity on Eisenia fetida in a vineyard soil: a combined study with standard tests, genotoxicity assessment and gut metagenomic analysis

Marini,

De Bernardi,

Tagliabue

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Variability in the no-observed-adverse-effect level is undoubtedly linked to various factors such as substrate properties, earthworm species (Calisi et al 2011;Duan et al 2016;Karimi et al 2021), earthworm development stage and Cu formulation administered (Gainer et al 2022;Wang et al 2018). In Helling et al (2000), for example, adverse effects were already measured on the earthworms' growth at 8.92 mg/kg soil Cu, but it should be noted that freshly hatched earthworms were used instead of clitellate earthworms, as in the present study.…”

Section: Avoidance and Reproductive Outputsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A positive NR indicated an avoidance of the contaminated substrate, whereas a negative value indicated an attraction to the tested contaminant (Gainer et al 2022;Xu et al 2020). According to the standard protocol (ISO-17512-1, 2008), the soil has limited habitat function if the positive NR is higher than 70%; this occurs when at least 80% of earthworms avoid the treated substrate.…”

Section: Avoidance and Reproductive Outputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Toxicity on Eisenia Fetida in a Vineyard Soil: A Combined Study with Standard Tests, Genotoxicity Assessment, and Gut Metagenomic Analysis

Marini,

De Bernardi,

Tagliabue

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The fact that Bacillus cereus affected the avoidance response behaviour and the varying results of the CuOx200 mg/kg treatment in this study support the idea that other factors such as temperature and soil moisture changes can affect the avoidance response behaviour of earthworms. For some organisms, avoiding contaminants functions as a survival mechanism to reduce exposure to harmful substances, and the ecological consequence of their response can impact populations in the same way as lethal effects, possibly leading to population extinction(Gainer et al 2022). not observed in the CuOx1000 mg/kg treatment, it indicates a signi cant response at different temperatures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Single and combined effects of metal-based fungicides on Eisenia andrei in different scenarios of climatic change

Kaka,

Opute,

Maboeta

2023

Preprint

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This study evaluated the ecotoxicity of metal-based fungicides under the current scenarios of global climatic change (20°C and 25°C) in single and binary mixtures of copper oxychloride (CuOx) [200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg] and mancozeb (MnZn) [44, 850 and 1250 mg/kg]. Endpoints assessed included mortality, growth, avoidance behaviour, and reproduction utilising standardised protocols (ISO and OECD). Mortality in the exposure groups only exceeded 10% in the CuOx1000 and CuOx1000 + MnZn1250 mg/kg groups in all temperature-moisture combinations. However, the mortality rate exceeded 10% only in the treatment with CuOx500 + MnZn850 mg/kg at 20°C30%. Relative growth rates in the CuOx and MnZn treatment groups decreased with increasing concentrations. In both CuOx and MnZn treatment concentrations at 20°C30% and 25°C50% conditions, avoidance response behaviour was greater than 80% throughout the exposure, except in CuOx200 mg/kg, MnZn44 mg/kg and CuOx200 + MnZn44 mg/kg. The reproduction of exposed earthworms in all treatment groups was concentration-dependent and influenced by varying temperatures and soil moisture conditions. No juveniles or cocoons were produced in the CuOx1000 mg/kg treatment at 25°C30%, indicating that copper oxychloride may be more toxic than mancozeb, especially in drought conditions. This study found that different temperatures and soil moisture levels altered the ecotoxicity of CuOx and MnZn. It can be concluded that climate change is likely to significantly impact the outcomes of metal ecotoxicity to earthworms and their ecological activities.

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Use of Soil Invertebrate Avoidance Tests as an Emerging Tool in Soil Ecotoxicology

Cited by 8 publications

References 142 publications

Copper toxicity on Eisenia fetida in a vineyard soil: a combined study with standard tests, genotoxicity assessment and gut metagenomic analysis

Copper toxicity on Eisenia fetida in a vineyard soil: a combined study with standard tests, genotoxicity assessment and gut metagenomic analysis

Copper Toxicity on Eisenia Fetida in a Vineyard Soil: A Combined Study with Standard Tests, Genotoxicity Assessment, and Gut Metagenomic Analysis

Single and combined effects of metal-based fungicides on Eisenia andrei in different scenarios of climatic change

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