Use of Smoking-Cessation Treatments in the United States

Shiffman, Saul; Brockwell, Sarah; Pillitteri, Janine L.; Gitchell, Joseph G.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.033

Cited by 355 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In accordance with work done in the adult population, the likelihood of using resources in general is not high [27][28][29] . The results from the current study show that the likelihood of using (scale 1-5) quit smoking resources is low.…”

Section: Smokers Readiness To Quitmentioning

confidence: 98%

Informing population-specific smoking policy development for college campuses: An observational study

Fitzgeorge¹,

Tritter²,

Fagan³

et al. 2018

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION In Canada, young adults have the highest smoking rates among all other population groups and specifically college students are at a higher risk. To implement effective policies that can prevent smoking and increase cessation, a populationspecific approach is recommended. METHODS Smoking and non-smoking young adults enrolled in a college program were recruited. Participants who did not smoke were asked to complete questionnaires about their demographics, college experience and the college environment. Additionally, they completed The Perceived Stress Scale and The Center for Epidemiologic Studies -Depression Scale. Students who were current smokers completed the same questionnaires with the addition of one questionnaire about their smoking behaviors. Percentages, means and standard deviations were used to describe the variables of interest and a chi-squared analysis was performed, when possible, to test the difference in response frequency between smoking and nonsmoking participants. RESULTS Differences were observed between smoking (n=65) and non-smoking students (n=214). Specifically, smokers were more likely to have a family member that smoked and to participate in binge drinking. Both groups indicated that they are unaware of campus smoking regulations; however smokers were more opposed to implementing smoke-free policies. CONCLUSIONS College students are unaware of campus smoking regulations. The descriptive information and differences observed between smoking and non-smoking students in this study should be taken into consideration when developing future smoking regulations/policies on college campuses. INTRODUCTIONSmoking cigarettes is the leading cause of preventable death around the world 1 . In Canada, young adults (20-24 years) report the highest smoking frequency compared to other age groups and have demonstrated the least decline towards cessation 2 . This trend may be due in part to the fact that the majority of prevention and smoking cessation efforts have been directed towards youth and older adults, while young adults have been overlooked in areas of research, practice and policy [3][4][5] . Furthermore, young adults who are at an increased risk of smoking are students enrolled at Canadian colleges, specifically in trade and technical training programs. In Canada, colleges typically provide hands-on training tailored for specific careers (i.e. electrician, chef, fitness professional, carpenter) and predominantly include one-to two-year certificate or diploma programs 6 . Whereas most university programs are three to four years and include a Bachelor's degree that may be used for further education (i.e. Master's degree) and/or professional schools (i.e. medical schools 6 ). Compared to traditional 4-year university students, college students demonstrate significantly higher cigarette smoking rates (20.2% vs 29.6%, respectively 7 ). This

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Section: Smokers Readiness To Quitmentioning

confidence: 98%

Informing population-specific smoking policy development for college campuses: An observational study

Fitzgeorge¹,

Tritter²,

Fagan³

et al. 2018

Tob. Prev. Cessation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although evidenced-based behavioral and pharmacological treatment approaches produce long-term abstinence rates between 20% and 33% (Fiore et al, 2008), only 20% to 30% of smokers utilize EBTs to quit (Cokkinides, Ward, Jemal, & Thun, 2005), and only 6% use a combination of both behavioral and pharmacological treatment (Shiffman, Brockwell, Pillitteri, & Gitchell, 2008)., which is the most effective treatment for smoking cessation (Fiore et al, 2008). Minority and low-income smokers are less likely to use nicotine replacement therapy and other first-line pharmacological treatments (Fu et al, 2005;Levinson, Perez-Stable, Espinoza, Flores, & Byers, 2004) and are more likely to discontinue use prematurely (Burns & Levinson, 2008).…”

Section: Using Creative Methods To Increase the Use Of Evidence-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking cessation: Next steps for special populations research and innovative treatments.

Borrelli

2010

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Objective:The current introductory article provides the rationale for the special section on understudied smokers and innovative treatments. This article proposes a definition of "special populations" of smokers, outlines a priori criteria by which to judge whether an intervention should be adapted for these smokers, and delineates a process by which cultural adaptation of an intervention can be achieved. Next steps for innovative, theory-based treatments with special populations and with general populations of smokers are discussed. Method: Special populations of smokers are defined as having (a) Ͼ10% higher smoking prevalence than the general population of smokers, (b) disproportionate tobacco-related health disparities, (c) less access to treatments, and (d) a lack of prospective, longitudinal treatment trials. Results: Cultural adaptation of evidenced-based treatments (EBTs) for underserved smokers should be applied more widely, outside the bounds of race and ethnicity, but also judiciously, following several a priori criteria. Cultural adaptation may be justified if the target population differs from the general population in (a) rates and patterns of smoking, (b) burden of tobacco-related health diseases, (c) predictors of smoking behavior, (d) risk factors for treatment failure, (e) protective factors that facilitate quitting, (f) treatment engagement, (g) treatment response, and (h) perceived social validity of the EBT. Once these criteria are met, four phases of cultural adaptation of an EBT for the target population are proposed. Innovative treatments need to be developed that use novel channels and linkages between channels; test novel theories or build on mechanisms research to more accurately pinpoint targets of change; and increase consumer demand for EBTs. Conclusion: The process of cultural adaptation should be thoughtfully conducted with a priori definitions and criteria as well as standardized processes. Coupled with innovative, theory-based treatments, these considerations could help to jump-start stalled smoking cessation rates. Decreasing the prevalence of smoking will take a multitarget, multichannel, multimethod approach at different levels of social strata: individuals (i.e., address smoker heterogeneity, develop innovative treatments), groups (i.e., target populations with higher than average smoking prevalence; eradicate disparities in treatment access, engagement, and effectiveness), cultural/societal level (i.e., increase frequency and effectiveness of mass media campaigns, create greater consumer demand for evidenced-based treatments [EBTs]), health care systems and insurers (i.e., increase counseling and reimbursement, reduce out-of-pocket costs to smokers who want to quit), and government (i.e., increase taxation, expand smoke-free laws, increase funding of state quit lines).Although all of these factors are critical to jump-starting stalled smoking cessation rates, in January 2009 the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology initiated a call for papers focusing on the first t...

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“…As a consequence of lighter smokers seeking less treatment (Kotz, Fidler, & West, 2009;Shiffman, Brockwell, Pillitteri, & Gitchell, 2008;Shiffman, Di Marino, & Sweeney, 2005), this under-estimate of the quit attempts of lighter smokers could lead to an overestimate of the effectiveness of smokers who try to quit without treatment.…”

Section: Quitting Without Reporting Having Tried Pagementioning

confidence: 99%

Quitting Without Reporting Having Tried: Findings From a National Survey

et al. 2014

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Background: It is assumed that smokers rarely quit without 'attempting' to do so but the assumption does not appear to have been adequately tested. This study assessed the prevalence of reporting having stopped without reporting a quit attempt and the reasons given for this discrepancy.Methods: Data were collected from ex-smokers who said they had quit within the last 12 months during nationally representative household surveys conducted monthly between 2006-12.Results: Of the 1,892 ex-smokers who said that they had quit within the last 12 months, 13.9% (95%CI=12.4%-15.5%) reported having made no serious quit attempts in that period. In a subgroup of 24 smokers who were asked why they had reported stopping without also reporting an attempt, 9 cited inconsistency over timing; 3 reported stopping without attempting to do so; 4 did not consider it an 'attempt' because they had succeeded; and 6 had not ruled out the occasional cigarette in the future. Conclusions:A substantial minority of people who report having stopped in the past year may fail to report a corresponding quit attempt. However, quitting smoking without considering that one has tried appears to be rare. Instead, the most common reason the discrepancy is inconsistent reporting of the timing of quit attempts.Quitting without reporting having tried

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Use of Smoking-Cessation Treatments in the United States

Cited by 355 publications

References 41 publications

Informing population-specific smoking policy development for college campuses: An observational study

Informing population-specific smoking policy development for college campuses: An observational study

Smoking cessation: Next steps for special populations research and innovative treatments.

Quitting Without Reporting Having Tried: Findings From a National Survey

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