Use of simple tasks to test for impairment of complex skills by a sedative

Ellinwood, Everett H.; Linnoila, Markku; Angle, Hugh V.; Moore, Julie; Skinner, Jacobina; Easler, Martha E.; Molter, David W.

doi:10.1007/bf00426464

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The test room, apparatus and the SCT and DSS tasks have been described in detail by Ellinwood et al (1981Ellinwood et al ( , 1985; therefore, only a brief explanation of these two tasks will be presented in this section. For the SCT task, a 3 cm-wide bar was displayed in the center of a 98 x 128 cm rearview video projection screen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the effects of quazepam and triazolam on cognitive-neuromotor performance

1987

Psychopharmacology

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The pharmacological activity of quazepam, a BZ1 specific benzodiazepine, was compared to the effects of triazolam, a BZ1, BZ2 nonspecific benzodiazepine. Using a double-blind procedure, single oral doses of quazepam (15 or 30 mg), triazolam (0.5 or 1.0 mg) and placebo were administered to 21 healthy young men according to a random Latin square design balanced for order of drug administration. The drug effects on the performance of motor coordination and cognitive tasks were monitored for 7 h following drug ingestion. The results did not indicate any differential effects on cognitive-neuromotor performance for the BZ1 specific quazepam and 2-oxoquazepam compared with the BZ1, BZ2 nonspecific N-desalkylflurazepam metabolite. The impairment magnitude for 30 mg quazepam was closer to that of 0.5 mg triazolam. The onset of the initial drug effect was considerably slower for quazepam than for triazolam. The time course of the impairment profiles for the tasks was compared to pharmacokinetic data from previous studies and suggested that published pharmacokinetic rate constants explain only a limited portion of the impairment time course. In particular, the performance scores were already showing recovery from peak impairment 2 h post-drug ingestion, although quazepam's potent N-desalkylflurazepam metabolite has been found to maintain a maximum plateau level from 2 to 24 h.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1-3. The units of measurement for the different tasks were described above and in previous reports (Ellinwood et al 1981(Ellinwood et al , 1985.…”

Section: "mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the effects of quazepam and triazolam on cognitive-neuromotor performance

1987

Psychopharmacology

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“…The computer system stored the response data for subsequent analysis. The apparatus and tasks have been described in previous reports (Ellinwood et al 1981;.…”

Section: Cognitive-neuromotor Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The task is particularly useful, since it is minimally inßuenced by practice or education level of the subject (Ellinwood et al 1981;Ghoneim et al 1984;Swift 1984). After a 5-s calibration interval, a 60-cm circle was displayed on the video screen with a cross-hair at the center representing the subject's center of gravity.…”

Section: Standing Steadiness With Visual Feedback (Sway)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychomotor effects of the anxiolytic abecarnil: a comparison with lorazepam

et al. 1997

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Abecarnil is a metabolically stable beta-carboline that binds with high affinity and selectivity to central benzodiazepine receptors. The effects on cognitive and psychomotor skills of abecarnil (ZK 112-119), 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg, were compared with lorazepam 2.0 mg and placebo. Twenty-four healthy, young males participated in a double-blind, four-way Latin square design and performed batteries of behavioral tests at predrug and at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 180, 240, 360 and 480 min after drug administration. Abecarnil 5.0 mg and lorazepam 2.0 mg displayed similar impairment profiles in tests of cognitive functions including memory encoding. Abecarnil 2.5 mg was substantially less impairing than lorazepam. Impairment levels of the abecarnil and lorazepam treatments peaked at 2-3 h after oral administration. The two abecarnil doses showed dose-dependent effects on the cognitive and psychomotor tasks. All three drug treatments were well tolerated by the subjects, with no one terminating early due to adverse events. The incidence of reported adverse events for abecarnil was dose-dependent. The most frequent, statistically significant adverse effects were drowsiness, lack of concentration and visual disturbance for abecarnil 5.0 mg; and lack of concentration and dizziness for lorazepam 2.0 mg. There were no significant differences in adverse incidence rates between abecarnil 2.5 mg and placebo.

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Methodological Concerns for Clinical Trials in Geriatrics

Abernethy

1986

Drug Studies in the Elderly

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Use of simple tasks to test for impairment of complex skills by a sedative

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Comparison of the effects of quazepam and triazolam on cognitive-neuromotor performance

Comparison of the effects of quazepam and triazolam on cognitive-neuromotor performance

Psychomotor effects of the anxiolytic abecarnil: a comparison with lorazepam

Methodological Concerns for Clinical Trials in Geriatrics

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