“…There is an increasing interest in the use of nanomaterials in medical devices to exert therapeutic effects, e.g., antimicrobial effects, blockage of inflammatory responses, inhibition of oxidative stress, reduction of cell proliferation, among others. [1][2][3] Layers of nanoparticles can be deposited on implantable devices (e.g., stents, pacing leads, balloons, vascular closing devices, etc. ), which can either be permanently bound to the device to exert local antimicrobial effects or designed to release a flux of appropriately-sized nanoparticles to a patient after implantation in the body.…”