Use of Second Harmonic Imaging and Fourier Transformation to Analyze Cartilage Repair in Mice Injected with a Novel Peptide CK2.1

Abstract

Distal appendages play essential roles in ciliary membrane anchoring and ciliary protein recruitment. Previously we have revealed a hierarchical relationship among distal appendage proteins, including CEP83, CEP89, SCLT1, CEP164, and FBF1. Despite their importance, their relative placement on distal appendages remains largely unknown due to the small length scale beyond the diffraction limit. Using dual-color direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), here we revealed a staggered arrangement of CEP83, CEP89, SCLT1, CEP164, and FBF1, with surprising alternating arrangement of CEP164 and FBF1. We also found the cell cycle-dependent distribution of TTBK2 on distal appendages, illustrating the coupling between cell cycle and ciliogenesis. Together, we have determined the hierarchical architecture of the distal appendages, suggesting their potential membrane interaction site and kinase recruiting site.

Bacterial Model Membranes Deform (resp. Persist) upon Ni2+ Binding to Inner Core (resp. O-Antigen) of Lipopolysaccharides

“…Second harmonic generation (SHG) in particular is widely used to study the interactions of lipid membranes with nanomaterials, − peptides, − and ions. ,− The operational principle is that two photons of the same frequency combine to form one photon of twice the frequency in noncentrosymmetric environments, − such as liquid/solid interfaces. By mixing the second-order response with the third-order response due to the interfacial potential, Φ(0), emanating from a charged interface makes the method akin to an “optical voltmeter”, with which estimates for surface potentials and interfacial charge densities (and thus metal cation coverage) can be provided.…”