Use of Saliva for Early Dengue Diagnosis

Yap, Grace; Sil, Bijon Kumar; Ng, Lee Ching

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001046

Cited by 51 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the pilot study and the group of infants Ͻ15 months of age, we observed significant correlations between IgG levels in sera and oral fluid (r ϭ 0.456, P Ͻ 0.0001, and r ϭ 0.598, P Ͻ 0.0001, respectively). A similar correlation was also reported for other infectious diseases, such as malaria (11), tetanus antitoxin (19), rubella (20), and dengue (for IgA) (9). In our target population of 70 uninfected infants Ͻ15 months of age, a parallel decline in IgG was observed in the two biological fluids, and the line of the moving average illustrated the similarity in the patterns of IgG evolution in oral fluid and sera (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Use of IgG in Oral Fluid To Monitor Infants with Suspected Congenital Toxoplasmosis

Chapey

Meroni

Kieffer

et al. 2015

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Infants born to mothers who seroconverted for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy are at risk of sequelae. In the case of a negative work-up at birth, congenital infection can be ruled out only by monitoring the disappearance of maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) transmitted through the placenta, which can be achieved by regular blood sampling during the first year. To alleviate the discomfort of this follow-up, we developed an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect specific IgG diffusing passively from the blood through the gingival epithelium by collecting oral fluid on microsponges. To assess the feasibility of the test, 212 patients were first enrolled. Levels of specific IgG in oral fluid were significantly higher in seropositive (n ‫؍‬ 195) than in seronegative (n ‫؍‬ 17) patients (mean optical densities, 1.145 ؎ 0.99 versus 0.092 ؎ 0.127; P < 0.0001). In a population of 93 patients <15 months of age born to mothers who displayed toxoplasmic infection during pregnancy, 70 were free of congenital infection and were followed up until their serology turned negative, and 23 were congenitally infected. The same patterns of IgG were observed in the oral fluid and sera in each group. Using a cutoff of 0.04 (optical density value), the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 67.9% and 80.3%, respectively, and the probability of not having a congenital infection when the test on oral fluid was negative was 99%. Although the performance of the test needs to be improved, oral fluid sampling appears to be a promising tool for monitoring infants with suspected congenital toxoplasmosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Use of IgG in Oral Fluid To Monitor Infants with Suspected Congenital Toxoplasmosis

Chapey

Meroni

Kieffer

et al. 2015

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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“…This result is similar to those seen in previous studies. [5][6][7]9,22 In contrast, Mohiti-Ardekani et al demonstrated that s-IgA levels in diabetic patients were higher than in non-diabetics. 1 Other studies have also found higher s-IgA levels in diabetic patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,5 Other studies have also reported conflicting results with regards to s-IgA levels and their relationship to various diseases. 6,7 The current study aimed to compare s-IgA levels between healthy subjects and T2DM patients and determine the association between s-IgA levels and various oral and dental manifestations in diabetic patients. This relationship could help determine the prognosis of oral diseases in diabetic patients and serve as a guide for their dental care.…”

Section: Advances In Patient Care -Determination Of the Salivary Compmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A Levels in Diabetic Patients and Association with Oral and Dental Manifestations

Kakoei

Hosseini

Haghdoost

et al. 2015

SQUMJ

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abstract:Objectives: Oral and dental manifestations in diabetic patients can arise due to numerous factors, including elevated salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels. This study aimed to evaluate s-IgA concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to investigate the association between s-IgA levels and oral and dental manifestations of T2DM. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between October 2011 and September 2012 in Kerman, Iran, and included 260 subjects (128 patients with T2DM and 132 healthy controls). Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from all subjects and s-IgA levels were determined using the immunoturbidimetric method. The oral cavities and teeth of T2DM patients were evaluated for oral and dental manifestations. Results: Both diabetic and control subjects with higher concentrations of s-IgA had significantly higher numbers of decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) and periodontal index (PDI) scores (P <0.050). s-IgA levels were significantly higher in subjects with oral candidiasis (P <0.050). Among diabetic patients, significantly higher s-IgA levels were concomitant with xerostomia and denture stomatitis (P ≤0.050). There were no significant differences between s-IgA concentrations and other oral or dental manifestations in either group. Conclusion: Individuals with a greater number of DMFT, a higher PDI score and oral candidiasis had significantly higher s-IgA levels. s-IgA levels were not significantly higher among diabetic patients in comparison to the control group. However, significantly higher s-IgA levels occurred with xerostomia and denture stomatitis in diabetic patients. In addition, s-IgA was significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled diabetes compared to those with controlled diabetes.

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“…For malaria, IgG antibodies directed against specific Plasmodium falciparum antigens can be detected in saliva and were found to correlate strongly with levels in plasma (80). Similarly, using antigen capture methods, IgA antibodies specific to dengue virus that correlate well with early secondary infection have been found in saliva (81). In contrast, M. tuberculosis and many viruses, including Ebola virus, HSV, EBV, HHV, and CMV, are most reliably detected directly using PCR methodologies (82,83,84,85,86,87).…”

Section: Infectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers: Toward Future Clinical and Diagnostic Utilities

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY The pursuit of timely, cost-effective, accurate, and noninvasive diagnostic methodologies is an endeavor of urgency among clinicians and scientists alike. Detecting pathologies at their earliest stages can significantly affect patient discomfort, prognosis, therapeutic intervention, survival rates, and recurrence. Diagnosis and monitoring often require painful invasive procedures such as biopsies and repeated blood draws, adding undue stress to an already unpleasant experience. The discovery of saliva-based microbial, immunologic, and molecular biomarkers offers unique opportunities to bypass these measures by utilizing oral fluids to evaluate the condition of both healthy and diseased individuals. Here we discuss saliva and its significance as a source of indicators for local, systemic, and infectious disorders. We highlight contemporary innovations and explore recent discoveries that deem saliva a mediator of the body's physiological condition. Additionally, we examine the current state of salivary diagnostics and its associated technologies, future aspirations, and potential as the preferred route of disease detection, monitoring, and prognosis.

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Use of Saliva for Early Dengue Diagnosis

Cited by 51 publications

References 34 publications

Use of IgG in Oral Fluid To Monitor Infants with Suspected Congenital Toxoplasmosis

Use of IgG in Oral Fluid To Monitor Infants with Suspected Congenital Toxoplasmosis

Evaluation of Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A Levels in Diabetic Patients and Association with Oral and Dental Manifestations

Salivary Biomarkers: Toward Future Clinical and Diagnostic Utilities

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