Use of saline contrast ultrasonography in the diagnosis of complete jugular vein occlusion in a horse

Corda, Andrea; Columbano, N.; Secchi, Valentina; Scanu, Antonio Mario; Parpaglia, Maria Luisa Pinna; Careddu, G.M.; Passino, E. Sanna

doi:10.4314/ovj.v10i3.9

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The jugular vein is a major important blood vessel in equine because it is the most common site used for collecting of blood samples, intravenous injections, and catheterization [ 20 , 21 ]. Therefore, many diseased conditions have been noticed in such vein including phlebitis and thrombophlebitis [ 22 , 23 ], and aneurysm [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrasonography is necessary for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of jugular vein diseases in horses, and the determination of the extent and severity of lesions [ 23 , 24 ]. Furthermore, information obtained from ultrasonographic examination of the jugular vein can be used to assess central venous pressure, which may provide useful data about intravascular-volume status, adequacy of fluid resuscitation, presence of congestive heart failure, or other abnormal conditions, such as jugular phlebitis and thrombophlebitis, and pericardial tamponade [ 3 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography of normal external jugular vein in donkeys (Equus asinus)

Hussein

Ibrahim

2022

BMC Vet Res

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Background Although the jugular vein is a major important blood vessel in equine, the literature lacks this vessel's normal B-mode and Doppler ultrasonographic examinations in donkeys. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reference ranges of B-mode and Doppler ultrasonographic indices of jugular veins in healthy adult donkeys (Equus asinus) and the possible effect of examination side (left and right), gender, and body condition on the ultrasonographic measurements of this vessel. B-mode and Doppler ultrasound imaging of the external jugular vein was conducted on 20 adult healthy donkeys of both sexes. Results In all donkeys, the jugular vein was 4.01 to 8.1 mm from the body surface. The longitudinal and transverse venous diameters ranged from 3.94 to 10.5 mm and from 0.88 to 1.9 cm, respectively. Moreover, the vein areas varied from 0.61 to 2.83 cm2. The reference values of superficial and deep wall thickness (SWT and DWT) were 0.56 ± 0.2 and 0.6 ± 0.13 mm, respectively. The blood velocity, blood follow rate, and congestion index of the external jugular vein can be expected in adult healthy donkeys as a range value from 8.4 to 13.5 cm/sec, from 0.33 to 1.78 ml/min, and from 0.06 to 0.27 cm.sec, respectively. Generally, the vein showed laminar monophasic waveforms. The examination side and gender have no significant effect on the ultrasound measurements of the vein (P > 0.05). Donkeys with a body condition score (BCS) ≥ 3 revealed increases in the depth of the vein (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study can be used as reference values and provide a basis for comparison when evaluating donkeys with diseases that affect blood flow in the external jugular vein.

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