Use of response surface methodology to study the effect of media composition on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus

Abstract

Aflatoxins are one of the most important secondary metabolites. These extrolites are produced by a number of Aspergillus fungi. In this study, we demonstrate the effect of media components and enhanced aflatoxin yield shown by A. flavus using response surface methodology in response to different nutrients. Different components of a chemically defined media that influence the aflatoxin production were monitored using Plackett-Burman experimental design and further optimized by Box-Behnken factorial design of response surface methodology in liquid culture. Interactions were studied with five variables, namely sorbitol, fructose, ammonium sulfate, KH(2)PO(4), and MgSO(4).7H(2)O. Maximum aflatoxin production was envisaged in medium containing 4.94 g/l sorbitol, 5.56 g/l fructose, 0.62 g/l ammonium sulfate, 1.33 g/l KH(2)PO(4), and 0.65 g/l MgSO(4)·7H(2)O using response surface plots and the point prediction tool of the DESIGN EXPERT 8.1.0 (Stat-Ease, USA) software. However, a production of 5.25 μg/ml aflatoxin production was obtained, which was in agreement with the prediction observed in verification experiment. The other component (MgSO(4).7H(2)O) was found to be an insignificant variable.

Vitamin E (α tocopherol) attenuates toxicity and oxidative stress induced by aflatoxin in rats

“…AFB 1 is nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, and immunotoxic. [1][2][3][4][5] AFB 1 mediated cell injury may be due to the release of free radicals and these radicals initiate lipid peroxidation (LPO) and a damaging process in biological systems since all cell membranes contain the polyunsaturated fatty acids which are substrates for such a reaction. 6 Kodama et al showed the formation of LPO by AFB 1 .…”

A Review Of The Fundamental Factors And Processes Leading To The Accumulation Of Aflatoxins In Cereal Crops

“…Additionally, while AFB1 production was also increased on increasing the concentrations of soluble sugars (glucose, maltose, sucrose, fructose, raffinose and stachyose) and trace elements (Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn), AFs production was significantly reduced by high levels of amino acids [42]. A similar study by Ahmad et al [43] also showed that high concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources positively influenced AFs production. Overall, these studies show that substrates with high concentrations of nutrients such as lipids, sucrose, stachyose, glutamic acid and trace elements can highly influence AFs production; thus, can be altered especially during storage, processing, and transportation, to reduce the risk of fungal growth and AFs contamination.…”

Synthesis, Characterization and Sorption Properties of Biochar, Chitosan and ZnO-Based Binary Composites towards a Cationic Dye

“…The individual parameter has affected the % removal of BC. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the fit of quadratic model (coefficient of determination, R 2 = 0.99) with experimental data was much better compared to linear model (R 2 = 0.61), and 2FI (R 2 = 0.58) model [123]. The R 2 quadratic model was close to unity.…”