Use of pulp, peel, and seed of Annona crassiflora Mart. in elaborating extracts for fingerprint analysis using paper spray mass spectrometry

Scientific Advances in the Last Decade on the Recovery, Characterization, and Functionality of Bioactive Compounds from the Araticum Fruit (Annona crassiflora Mart.)

“…Stephalagine, an aporphine alkaloid, has demonstrated anti-obesity, antinociceptive, and anti-edematogenic effects, suggesting its use as a new potential drug [ 28 , 29 ]. In addition to stephalagine, other alkaloids, such as xylopine, romucosine, asimilobine, roemerine, nornuciferine, N -methylcoclaurine, guattescidine, actinodaphnine, isoboldine, and N -methyllaurotetanine, have been identified in araticum pulp [ 14 , 22 ]. Several studies demonstrated the presence of liriodenine, atherospermidine, isopiline, isoboldine, isocorydine, anonaine, xylopine, nuciferine, liriodenine, atherospermidine, reticuline, roemerine, nornuciferine, N -methylcoclaurine, guattescidine, actinodaphnine, and N -methyllaurotetanine in the araticum peel [ 22 , 26 , 30 ].…”

“…In addition to stephalagine, other alkaloids, such as xylopine, romucosine, asimilobine, roemerine, nornuciferine, N -methylcoclaurine, guattescidine, actinodaphnine, isoboldine, and N -methyllaurotetanine, have been identified in araticum pulp [ 14 , 22 ]. Several studies demonstrated the presence of liriodenine, atherospermidine, isopiline, isoboldine, isocorydine, anonaine, xylopine, nuciferine, liriodenine, atherospermidine, reticuline, roemerine, nornuciferine, N -methylcoclaurine, guattescidine, actinodaphnine, and N -methyllaurotetanine in the araticum peel [ 22 , 26 , 30 ]. As mentioned above, there is a significant interest in isolating and purifying alkaloids from araticum pulp and its byproduct (peel), which can serve as potential sources for obtaining alkaloids for the pharmaceutical industry.…”

“…Arruda et al [ 16 ] investigated the profile of hydroethanolic extract from araticum peel, by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization source (HPLC-ESI-MS), and found 21 annonaceous acetogenins. Ramos et al [ 22 ] tentatively identified 17, 9, and 22 annonaceous acetogenins in the ethanolic extracts from pulp, peel, and seeds, respectively, by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry analysis (PS-MS). As reported above, in recent years, there has been an increase in interest in discovering annonaceous acetogenins present in araticum fruit because these metabolites possess a broad spectrum of biological activities and are recognized as anticancer agents.…”

“…The results demonstrate a wide range of successful uses of araticum pulp in the formulation and development of food products. Although no studies have been found on applying araticum peel and seed for food purposes in the last 10 years, these byproducts are promising sources of bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, annonaceous acetogenins, and alkaloids (see Section 3 for more details) that present therapeutic potential [ 22 ]. Moreover, Arruda et al [ 25 ] reported that araticum peel had higher phenolic compounds, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and antioxidant activity than the pulp and seed of the fruit, while Menezes et al [ 20 ] found that araticum seeds are good sources of nutritional compounds, such as dietary fiber (351.1 g/kg), proteins (188.7 g/kg), and lipids (311.3 g/kg).…”

UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Profiling of Phytochemicals from Araticum Fruit (Annona crassiflora Mart.) and Its Antioxidant Activity

“…The flavanols found in araticum pulp were primarily composed of catechin and epicatechin oligomers (known as procyanidins), while flavonols were predominantly composed of quercetin and kaempferol glycosides. Some of the identified flavonoids have been previously reported in araticum pulp in other studies, including catechin [ 8 , 9 , 11 ], epicatechin [ 8 , 14 , 25 , 90 ], rutin [ 8 , 9 , 14 ], quercetin-3- O -β-D-glucoside [ 14 , 25 ], hesperidin [ 25 ], procyanidin A dimer [ 25 ], procyanidin B trimer [ 25 ], procyanidin B2 dimer [ 14 ], kaempferol-3- O -rutinoside [ 14 ], and kaempferol-3- O -β-D-glucoside [ 14 ]. Meanwhile, thirty-four flavonoids are being reported for the first time in the present study, namely four procyanidin dimer isomers, eight procyanidin trimer isomers, seven procyanidin tetramer isomers, two quercetin-3- O -pentosylhexoside isomers, two kaempferol hexoside isomers, kaempferol-3- O -hexosylpentoside, dihydrokaempferol hexoside, kaempferol deoxyhexosylhexoside, dihydroquercetin hexoside, flavanomarein, phloretin- C -diglycoside, quercetin pentoside, isorhamnetin-3- O -rutinoside, isorhamnetin hexoside, (epi)catechin-ethyl trimer, and luteolin.…”