Use of prone position magnetic resonance imaging for detecting the terminal filum in patients with occult tethered cord syndrome

Nakanishi, Kazuyoshi; Tanaka, Nobuhiro; Kamei, Naosuke; Nakamae, Toshio; Izumi, Bunichiro; Ohta, Ryo; Fujioka, Yuki; Ochi, Mitsuo

doi:10.3171/2012.10.spine12321

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Performing MRI in different body positions has been evaluated to facilitate diagnosing occult TCS in people. Decreased spinal cord motion between the prone and supine position has been considered suggestive for TCS 15, 17. The dog presented here, recovered completely after surgical transection of the filum terminale.…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

“…A proportion of people with primary TCS present with the conus medullaris in a normal position. This is referred to as occult TCS 15, 16. Considering these arguments, it cannot be excluded the dog described here presented with occult TCS instead of TCS with an abnormal caudodorsal position of the conus medullaris.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…This is referred to as occult TCS. 15,16 Considering these arguments, it cannot be excluded the dog described here presented with occult TCS instead of TCS with an abnormal caudodorsal position of the conus medullaris. Performing MRI in different body positions has been evaluated to facilitate diagnosing occult TCS in people.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

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Tethered Cord Syndrome Associated with a Thickened Filum Terminale in a Dog

Decker

Gregori

Kenny

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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mentioning

confidence: 56%

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confidence: 81%

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Tethered Cord Syndrome Associated with a Thickened Filum Terminale in a Dog

Decker

Gregori

Kenny

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…18 With improved imaging (e.g., MRI and significantly improved noninvasive imaging methods) neurosurgeons can now more readily diagnose TCS based on clinical and radiographic findings. 3,8,33 MRI and ultrastructural light and electron microscopy studies have shown that decreased elastic properties of the filum may exist in patients with TCS. 13,33 Technological advancements within the past few decades have allowed prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida and prenatal repair of myelomeningocele to become possible.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,8,33 MRI and ultrastructural light and electron microscopy studies have shown that decreased elastic properties of the filum may exist in patients with TCS. 13,33 Technological advancements within the past few decades have allowed prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida and prenatal repair of myelomeningocele to become possible. 2 Although there has been progressive insight into the various causes of TCS within the past century, with clinical and pathological properties becoming better understood, there is a lack of Class I data about surgical outcomes with resulting controversy and disagreement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of the current understanding and management of tethered spinal cord

Safavi–Abbasi

Mapstone

Archer

et al. 2016

SPI

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An understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) and modern management strategies have only developed within the past few decades. Current understanding of this entity first began with the understanding and management of spina bifida; this later led to the gradual recognition of spina bifida occulta and the symptoms associated with tethering of the filum terminale. In the 17th century, Dutch anatomists provided the first descriptions and initiated surgical management efforts for spina bifida. In the 19th century, the term “spina bifida occulta” was coined and various presentations of spinal dysraphism were appreciated. The association of urinary, cutaneous, and skeletal abnormalities with spinal dysraphism was recognized in the 20th century. Early in the 20th century, some physicians began to suspect that traction on the conus medullaris caused myelodysplasia-related symptoms and that prophylactic surgical management could prevent the occurrence of clinical manifestations. It was not, however, until later in the 20th century that the term “tethered spinal cord” and the modern management of TCS were introduced. This gradual advancement in understanding at a time before the development of modern imaging modalities illustrates how, over the centuries, anatomists, pathologists, neurologists, and surgeons used clinical examination, a high level of suspicion, and interest in the subtle and overt clinical appearances of spinal dysraphism and TCS to advance understanding of pathophysiology, clinical appearance, and treatment of this entity. With the availability of modern imaging, spinal dysraphism can now be diagnosed and treated as early as the intrauterine stage.

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