Use of pressure manifestations following the water plasma expansion for phytomass disintegration

Maroušek, Josef; Kwan, Jason Tai Hong

doi:10.2166/wst.2013.041

Cited by 56 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…(2) the autoreactive evolution of energy use and new technologies pushed economic growth [64,65]. There is the proven opinion that energy prices have had a crucial long-term role in economic development as well [66,67].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for Calculating the Energy Security Index of the State: Taking into Account Modern Megatrends

et al. 2021

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Energy issue stays a top priority for the national security of most countries. Despite numerous international forums, large-scale geoeconomic research, international and national projects, and the development of appropriate strategies, the issue of energy security assessment and understanding of its terminology is not a universal practice. The presented study has an ambitious goal to develop a methodology that can provide an objective picture of the energy sector on an international scale with cross-country comparisons under the influence of modern megatrends. Based on 29 indicators, according to the World Bank data since 1991, the energy security index is calculated for the set of world states with further analysis of the cluster dynamics of their common trends in energy security. The index showed its objectivity and resistance to existing shocks in geoeconomic dynamics. An important feature of the proposed index is the possibility to compare the energy security index with 1. This value is, in fact, a European average: if a country has an energy security index greater than 1, it means that its energy level is currently better than the European average, and if it is lower than 1, it means that it is inferior to the level of energy security currently achieved on average in Europe. The concept of calculating the index of energy security of the state is based on a unified comparison of all countries, which allows us to move away from the use of signaling approaches and eliminate subjectivity in calculations, as well as provide a basis for dynamic comparison of energy security. The vital aspect of the index is that it takes into account changes in the energy paradigm, the transition to alternative energy sources, and the comprehension of the role of energy efficiency, in particular, of fossil fuels. The study identifies clusters of countries that have consistent similarities in energy security, which can usually be of practical interest in developing energy strategies and understanding the similarity of geoeconomic interests of these states. Thus, this article contributes not only to the development of scientific approaches to the assessment of energy issues, in particular, through the methodological development of a representative index, but also through the presentation of statistically sound results for further effective management decisions at the state level.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for Calculating the Energy Security Index of the State: Taking into Account Modern Megatrends

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, satisfactory results in accelerating the processes of anaerobic fermentation of maize silage were obtained by Maroušek et al, using the high-voltage discharges coupled with water plasma expansion for phytomass disintegration. Authors achieved over 15% increase in cumulative methane production and overall acceleration of fermentation process [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Inoculated Waste Biological Stabilization Degree by Olfactometric Methods

Szyłak-Szydłowski

2021

Energies

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As a result of compounds’ transformation in the waste biostabilization phases, there is an increase in odor nuisance and health problems among people exposed to odorants. Linking the odor concentration to the degree of waste biostabilization may be an important tool for the assessment of individual technological variants of biostabilization. The study aimed to link the odor emissions to the biostabilization degree in individual process variants that differed in the inoculum. The tests were carried out on inoculated windrows on the waste mechanical-bological treatment open site. Odor concentrations were measured during the entire seven-week process of biostabilization (weeks 1–7) and compared with kinetics parameters of organic compounds’ decomposition. The olfactometric tests showed the necessity of using the preparation to reduce the value of odor concentration. Research proved that the decrease of odor concentration values could be useful to indicate the particular phases of biostabilization. Also, the proposed method provides an opportunity to optimize the process concerning the function related to the low degree of odor nuisance of the technologies, including selection of environmentally safe inoculum. This issue has application values that may result in the implementation of new control systems for waste stabilization bioreactors and the evaluation of applied technological solutions.

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“…In a growing number of cities, drinking highly treated municipal wastewater, called 'reused water', has become the best choice, and, in some situations, the last resort [15]. Freshwater stress can be addressed to a degree with drinking water treatment plants [16]. It is rational that such key points of public infrastructure belong to government or to the local community (as in the US, for example).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residues from Water Precipitation via Ferric Hydroxide Threaten Soil Fertility

et al. 2021

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From the moment it was first indicated that use of aluminum chloride during purification of drinking water might be one of the triggers of Alzheimer’s disease, it took only a few years to almost abandon this practice worldwide. Now, two years after the initial evidence was presented that the cheapest possible replacement for aluminum chloride (ferric hydroxide, better known as ferrous sludge) significantly threatens soil fertility, there is almost no action. A robust case study was conducted among European drinking water treatment plants. First, it is reported that some samples of ferrous sludge can reduce phosphorus availability by more than 70%. This creates a precondition for a significant reduction in fertility over a decade. Because the legislation usually responds to similar findings with great delay, the extent to which managers of drinking water treatment plants are willing to change process settings by themselves has also been assessed. The findings obtained allow us to expect that a long continuation of this hazardous practice can be expected, since managers of drinking water treatment plants show little willingness to switch from the ongoing questionable technology (harmful to nutrient cycles in soil) to environmentally favorable (though slightly more costly) solutions.

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Use of pressure manifestations following the water plasma expansion for phytomass disintegration

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

Methodology for Calculating the Energy Security Index of the State: Taking into Account Modern Megatrends

Methodology for Calculating the Energy Security Index of the State: Taking into Account Modern Megatrends

Evaluation of Inoculated Waste Biological Stabilization Degree by Olfactometric Methods

Residues from Water Precipitation via Ferric Hydroxide Threaten Soil Fertility

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