Use of prefrontal cortex activity as a measure of learning curve in surgical novices: results of a single blind randomised controlled trial

Khoe, Howard Ch; Low, Jun Wei; Wijerathne, Sujith; Ann, Lui Su; Salgaonkar, Hrishikesh; Lomanto, Davide; Choi, Jong‐Jin; Baek, JiYeong; Tam, Wing; Pei, Ho; Ho, Roger

doi:10.1007/s00464-019-07331-7

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A 48 channel probe configuration was placed on the prefrontal cortex, which allowed the mapping of each channel to the various Brodmann areas. The main neuroanatomical regions analyzed were the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and the frontopolar cortex [11]. The NIRSIT device received medical device approval from the Korea Food and Drug Administration in 2017.…”

Section: Measurement Of Brain Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NIRSIT device received medical device approval from the Korea Food and Drug Administration in 2017. In order to minimize motion artefact and ambient light noise, the detected signals were filtered by low pass filter (discrete cosine transform (DCT) 0.05 Hz) and high pass filter (DCT 0.005 Hz) [11]. The poor quality channels decided by signal to noise ratio as 30 dB were rejected before further analysis.…”

Section: Measurement Of Brain Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hemodynamic changes for each of the 48 channels during each task were calculated by using the Modified Beer Lambert Law (MBLL) [17]. The individual results were averaged by multiple trials in each task, and grand averaging was conducted to calculate representative result in each group as expressed by mean total oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO µm) [11].…”

Section: Measurement Of Brain Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The converse held true with a dark blue color representing reduced oxygenated hemoglobin levels and hypo-activation of the region. Based on the previous literature [11,18], a sample size of 30 or more was considered to be adequate for this study. To investigate the hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex, the representative value (∆HbO µm) was extracted by averaging the block averaged HbO µm in each channel based on the left and the right frontal regions.…”

Section: Measurement Of Brain Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our daily life, there are life events where cognitive demands exceed the mental capacity to address those demands. Based on current understanding, the frontal lobe is one of the most important neuroanatomical structures and plays key role in attention during cognitive task performance [11], emotion regulation [12], impulse control [13], and other executive functioning. A recent study measured cortical activity by electroencephalography signal when participants were exposed to park environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brief Relaxation Practice Induces Significantly More Prefrontal Cortex Activation during Arithmetic Tasks Comparing to Viewing Greenery Images as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Zhang

Olszewska-Guizzo

Husain

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: There is little understanding on how brief relaxation practice and viewing greenery images would affect brain responses during cognitive tasks. In the present study, we examined the variation in brain activation of the prefrontal cortex during arithmetic tasks before and after viewing greenery images, brief relaxation practice, and control task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Method: This randomized controlled study examined the activation patterns of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in three groups of research participants who were exposed to viewing greenery images (n = 10), brief relaxation practice (n = 10), and control task (n = 11). The activation pattern of the PFC was measured pre- and post-intervention using a portable fNIRS device and reported as mean total oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO μm). Primary outcome of the study is the difference in HbO μm between post- and pre-intervention readings during a cognitive task that required the research participants to perform arithmetic calculation. Results: In terms of intervention-related differences, there was significant difference in average HbO μm when performing arithmetic tasks before and after brief relaxation practice (p < 0.05). There were significant increases in average HbO μm in the right frontopolar cortex (p = 0.029), the left frontopolar cortex (p = 0.01), and the left orbitofrontal cortex (p = 0.033) during arithmetic tasks after brief relaxation practice. In contrast, there were no significant differences in average HbO μm when performing arithmetic tasks before and after viewing greenery images (p > 0.05) and the control task (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our preliminary findings show that brief relaxation practice but not viewing greenery images led to significant frontal lobe activation during arithmetic tasks. The present study demonstrated, for the first time, that there was an increase in activation in neuroanatomical areas including the combined effort of allocation of attentional resources, exploration, and memory performance after the brief relaxation practice. Our findings suggest the possibility that the right frontopolar cortex, the left frontopolar cortex, and the left orbitofrontal cortex may be specifically associated with the benefits of brief relaxation on the brain.

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Section: Measurement Of Brain Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Brain Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%