Use of pore solution analysis in design for concrete durability

Hooton, R.D.; Ramlochan, T

doi:10.1680/adcr.2010.22.4.203

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…K) in the pore solution in the context of alkali silica reaction (e.g., [43][44][45][46]). As stated in [47] pore solution analysis is very useful for understanding deleterious reactions and durability. This paper is not dealing with durability but with the reaction mechanisms of SCMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pore solution of blended cements: a review

et al. 2015

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This paper is the work of working group 3 of the RILEM Technical Committee on Hydration and Microstructure of Concrete with SCM (TC 238-SCM). The pore solution is an essential but often overlooked part of hydrated cements. The composition of the cement pore solution reflects the ongoing hydration processes and determines which solid phases are stable and may precipitate, and which phases are unstable and may dissolve. The study of the cement pore solution therefore contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms as well as of the kinetics of cement hydration. This paper reviews the impact of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the pore solution composition of blended cements. In a first part, the extraction and analysis methods of cement pore solutions are reviewed, leading to a set of practical guidelines and recommendations. In a second part, an extensive literature survey is used to document the effect of the addition of SCMs (blast furnace slag, fly ash and silica fume) on the pore solution. Finally, in a third part the collected literature data are compared to thermodynamic simulations. The performance and current limitations of thermodynamic modelling of blended cement hydration are demonstrated and discussed in view of future progress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pore solution of blended cements: a review

et al. 2015

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“…[33][34][35][36][37] Alkaliactivated slag materials are characterized by reduced sulfur species in their pore solutions at concentrations reaching 0.45 M. 38,39 The oxygen consumption by these reduced sulfur species, coupled with the low oxygen availability due to the low porosity of alkali-activated slag materials 40 results in an oxygen-depleted pore solution and a reducing environment at the steel-concrete interface. Therefore, major differences are expected in the passivation pathways of activated slag materials, as proposed in the following set of reactions ( 7)- (14).…”

Section: Effect Of Sulfides [Hs − ] On the Passivation Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to other cementitious materials, the chemistry of the pore solution in alkali‐ and salt‐activated slag materials is an important factor in their durability performance, such as when considering the corrosion of embedded carbon‐steel reinforcement bars. The chemical characteristics (e.g., saturation indices, pH, and E h ) of pore solutions govern the dissolution–precipitation reactions of degradation phenomena (e.g., alkali–silica reaction, chloride binding, and delayed ettringite formation) 14 . When considering the electrochemical corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete materials, the chemistry of the pore solution has a direct effect on the formation of a nanometer‐thick iron oxide layer, commonly described as the passive film 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical characteristics (e.g., saturation indices, pH, and E h ) of pore solutions govern the dissolution-precipitation reactions of degradation phenomena (e.g., alkali-silica reaction, chloride binding, and delayed ettringite formation). 14 When considering the electrochemical corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete materials, the chemistry of the pore solution has a direct effect on the formation of a nanometer-thick iron oxide layer, commonly described as the passive film. 15 The formation and breakdown of this passive film directly controls the corrosion resistance of the material as it influences the three stages of corrosion of steel in concrete (i.e., initiation, onset, and propagation).…”

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confidence: 99%

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How does the pore solution chemistry influence the passivation of reinforced alkali‐ and salt‐activated slag materials?

et al. 2023

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Service life predictions of reinforced concrete structures are underpinned by the passivation film chemistry, structure, and thickness. In this work, we present how the formation of passive films at the steel–concrete interface of reinforced alkali‐ and salt‐activated slag materials can be affected by the pore solution chemistry, namely, pH, Eh, and chemical composition. Thermodynamic simulations are used to illustrate the time‐dependent changes to the pore solution chemistry, where estimated electrical conductivities of the pore solution are used as a single‐value parameter to understand the solution complexity and capacity for charge transfer. A set of passivation reactions are proposed to understand the effects of OH− and HS− (reduced sulfur species) competition on the passivation pathways. These passivation reactions become more complex considering that a reducing pore solution might not establish until 3 days into the curing process—a crucial factor explaining the significant differences in the phase composition of passive films of activated slag materials (FeOOH, FeS). This study sheds light on recent progress in understanding these initial passivation reactions, emphasizing the essential role of material design and, therefore, the pore solution chemistry of these cements, along with significant insights for vital research and development concerning the corrosion durability of activated slag materials.

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“…Session 3, chaired by Ole Mejlhede Jensen, addressed cement hydration and durability. The structure of this session was based on recent findings related to understanding the hydration process and to the durability of the final products The paper by Hooton et al (2010) focuses on specific durability issues such as alkali-silica reaction, reinforcement corrosion and delayed ettringite formation, which involves ion transport through porosity, limited by ion binding in hydration products.…”

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confidence: 99%