Use of Poly(furfuryl alcohol) in the Fabrication of Nanostructured Carbons and Nanocomposites

Abstract

Poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) is a thermally cross-linked polymer that is synthesized from furfuryl alcohol (FA) derived from renewable saccharidic resources. The monomer FA is liquid at room temperature and has high solubility in water and many organic solvents, and its polymerization can be carried out under flexible conditions. Therefore, PFA has been very attractive as a precursor for PFA nanocomposites and carbon materials. This paper reviews research works concerning the use of PFA in the preparation of nanostructured carbons, PFA-based nanocomposites, and carbon-based nanocomposites. Specifically, structural evolution and properties of PFA during carbonization, and fabrication of nanoporous carbons through nanocasting process, are introduced. PFA-derived nanostructured carbons used as molecular sieve adsorbents, membranes, catalysts, and components for electrochemical and electronic devices, etc., are covered. The recent development for the fabrication and application of PFA-based nanocomposites is highlighted. Finally, future research into this topic is briefly discussed.

Analysis of chemical polymerization between functionalized MWCNT and poly(furfuryl alcohol) composite

“…The neat CNT was a reference to evaluate the efficiency of functionalization with carboxylic groups. Figure 7 shows the curve fitting of C 1s and O 1s core levels [21][22][23] for neat (Figure 7a1 and 7a2) and functionalized CNT with H 2 SO 4 :HNO 3 (Figure 7b1 and 7b2), respectively. The C 1s spectrum was deconvoluted in six components: C-C (~284.52 eV), C-H (~285.36 eV), C-O (~286.58 eV), C=O (~287.58 eV), O-C=O (~288.58 eV), and plasmon p-p* (~290.82 eV).…”

“…Nowadays, this resin has a wide range of applications such as adhesives, glassy carbon nanoporous, polymer nanocomposites, etc [3,4] . Many studies have been undertaken to develop thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer composites with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as the reinforcing element [5,6] .…”

Metal‐Organic Frameworks Derived Porous Carbons: Syntheses, Porosity and Gas Sorption Properties

“…Amino groups in amino-MIL-53 (Al) converted into pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N at relatively lower temperatures (below 900 ℃) and then the graphitic-N state was formed at a higher temperature (1000 ℃), which is consistent with the trend of carbon's graphitization at higher temperature. [32,105] …”

“…[49] The carbon changes from disordered to ordered structure with increasing carbonization temperature and/or longer carbonization period, [105] thus may influence the gas sorption properties.…”

The effect of different modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes on tribological behaviors of poly(furfuryl alcohol) composite coatings

“…15,16 Importantly, PFA is compatible with many organic polymers and inorganic materials, and it gives high carbon yield when pyrolyzing. Compared with other polymers, PFA is important not only for the use as adhesives and binders but also widely used to synthesize nanoporous carbons, glassy carbons, and polymer nanocomposites for a wide range of applications, such as adsorbents, separation membranes, and catalysts 17,18 ; moreover, the use of PFA as lubricating materials is rarely reported, so it is imperative to study the tribological properties of PFA composites. Therefore, in this article, PFA is used as the polymer matrix, however, how to select the proper modified method to obtain the uniform dispersion of MWNTs in matrix is important.…”