“…Although some researchers (e.g., Inkelas & Rose, 2007;McAllister Byun, 2012) have defined velar fronting as occurring when a velar consonant is replaced by a coronal consonant (alveolars and interdentals), the examples discussed in both these studies involve the replacement of velars by alveolars only. We follow researchers who have adopted a stricter definition of velar fronting such that velars are replaced by alveolars only (e.g., Dunn & Davis, 1983;Dyson, 1986;Grunwell, 1981b;James, 2001;Lowe, Knutson, & Monson, 1985;McReynolds & Elbert, 1981;Stoel-Gammon & Dunn, 1985). We also recommend that words with the present progressive suffix (e.g., fishing, swimming, and jumping) not be included as opportunities for velar fronting, given that adult speakers of many dialects of American English frequently substitute [n] for /ŋ/ in the present progressive, particularly in casual speech (Gordon, 2004a;Schneider, 2004).…”