Use of PCR for the detection of genital <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>
 infection on self-obtained mailed vaginal samples

Domeika, Marius; Drulyte, Odeta

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.2000.079007570.x

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Innovative test delivery services (through mail services, online, pharmacies, schools, or correctional settings) improved test uptake compared with facility-based testing services. Fourteen studies that used local postal systems to mail an entire test kit (self-testing) or specimen collection kit (self-sampling) to the tester showed an increase in testing rates (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.12–1.78; I 2 = 92%; n = 1603) [ 33 , 34 , 36 , 46 , 49 , 50 ]. Five studies in 4 countries used pharmacies to distribute test-based services (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.85–3.30; I 2 = 94%; n = 1393) [ 48 , 51–54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Infectious Diseases Testing Outside Clinics: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Kpokiri

Marley

Tang

et al. 2020

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background Most people around the world do not have access to facility-based diagnostic testing and the gap in availability of diagnostic tests is a major public health challenge. Self-testing, self-sampling, and institutional testing outside conventional clinical settings are transforming infectious disease diagnostic testing in a wide range of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We examined the delivery models of infectious disease diagnostic testing outside clinics to assess impact on test uptake and linkage to care. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching six databases and including original research manuscripts comparing testing outside clinics with conventional testing. Main outcomes were test uptake and linkage to care, delivery models and adverse outcomes. Data from studies with similar interventions and outcomes within thematic areas of interest were pooled and the quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019140828). We identified 10,386 de-duplicated citations and 76 studies were included. Data from 18 studies were pooled in meta-analyses. Studies focused on HIV (48 studies), chlamydia (eight studies), and multiple diseases (20 studies). HIV self-testing increased test uptake compared with facility-based testing (nine studies, pooled OR 2.59, 95%CI = 1·06-6·29, moderate quality). STI self-sampling increased test uptake compared with facility-based testing (seven studies, pooled OR 1.74 95% CI=0.97 - 3.12, moderate quality). Testing outside of clinics increased test uptake without significant adverse outcomes. These testing approaches provide an opportunity to expand access and empower patients. Further implementation research, scale-up of effective service delivery models, and policies in LMIC settings are needed. Funding Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Infectious Diseases Testing Outside Clinics: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Kpokiri

Marley

Tang

et al. 2020

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Acceptability of a self-sampling technique to collect vaginal smears for gram stain diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

Boskey

Atherly-Trim

O’Campo

et al. 2004

Women's Health Issues

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To diagnose asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis (BV), self-sampled vaginal smears were collected during a study of risk factors for preterm birth in African American women. More than 90% of those women who were willing to participate in the interview portion of the study were also willing to provide a self-sampled vaginal smear. The smears are an acceptable and efficient way of detecting BV in an urban minority population.

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Cervical, Urine and Vaginal Specimens for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by Ligase Chain Reaction in Women: A Comparison

Hjelm

Hallén²,

Domeika³

2001

Acta Dermato-Venereologica

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Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis in women is generally done using only one specimen from each patient in order to minimize costs. In this study the aim was to compare the performances of vaginal, cervical and urinary specimens in a population of young women with sparse symptoms. During 1998, specimens from 1,001 women at the Departments of Venereology and Youth Health Care at the University Hospital of Uppsala, Sweden were examined by both ligase chain reaction and cell culture for detection of C. trachomatis. The samples from the cervix, vagina and urine were tested by ligase chain reaction, while specimens for cell culture were collected from the cervix and urethra. The prevalence of genital C. trachomatis infections was 5.1%. A single urine specimen had a sensitivity of 80.0%, while the sensitivity of a single vaginal specimen was 96.0%. The specificity was 100% for the urine specimens and 99.4% for the vaginal specimens. The sensitivity and specificity of a single cervical specimen was 92.0% and 99.6%, respectively. Although the urine ligase chain reaction seemed to have the lowest sensitivity of the compared specimens for testing of C. trachomatis infections in this population, the differences in sensitivity between urine, cervical and vaginal specimens were not statistically significant.

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Use of PCR for the detection of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection on self-obtained mailed vaginal samples

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Diagnostic Infectious Diseases Testing Outside Clinics: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Diagnostic Infectious Diseases Testing Outside Clinics: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Acceptability of a self-sampling technique to collect vaginal smears for gram stain diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

Cervical, Urine and Vaginal Specimens for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by Ligase Chain Reaction in Women: A Comparison

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