Use of Orally Administered Live Attenuated Polioviruses as a Vaccine in a Community Setting

A quantitative survey of the literature on poliovirus infection and immunity

“…-25,27,28,30,31,33,35-46,48,49,51,60-62 and 5[20][21][22][23][24]27,28,30,31,35,[41][42][43]46,47,49,54,55,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] .…”

Community Spread of Orally Administered Attenuated Poliovirus Vaccine Strains: Minnesota Studies of Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine

“…Thus members of 20 percent of the households in the village were fed vaccine (group B), and stool specimens were available from an additional 20 percent as con¬ trols for measuring the community spread of the vaccine strains. A map showing the distri¬ bution of vaccine and placebo fed households has been published (6). There were 545 per¬ sons in the 149 study families; 266 in group B, the vaccine-fed group, and 279 in group A, the placebo-fed, or control, group.…”

“…The first specimens were collected prior to the feeding of vaccine to either group. The second, third, and fourth specimens were collected after type 2 virus had been fed to group B and before it was fed to group A; the third, fourth, and fifth specimens, after type 1 had been fed to group B and before it was fed to group A; and the fourth, fifth, and sixth specimens after type 3 had been fed to group B and before it was fed to group A. Thus three stool specimens were available to measure the community spread of each type of poliovirus, and this spread was measured for a period of about 8 weeks for each type.…”

“…Criteria used in evaluating the illnesses ob¬ served in group A, the placebo-fed individuals who acquired the vaccine strains by natural passage, are presented with "Results." The medical followup was continuous and included numerous house visits (1).…”

“…Poliovirus was not isolated from any adults or children with antibodies detectable in serum dilution 1:4 unless the individual was known to have received Salk vaccine. Virus isolation rates from stool specimens as a function of anti¬ body status on the initial blood specimen and Salk vaccine experience is shown in table 6. Among the adults the majority, 63 percent or more, had poliomyelitis antibodies detectable in serum dilution 1:4 or greater in the initial specimen, but virus isolation was accomplished from few of these individuals compared with the isolation rates from those without anti¬ bodies.…”