Use of OpenFOAM® for the Investigation of Mixing Time in Agitated Vessels with Immersed Helical Coils

Stefan, Alexander; Schultz, H. J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60846-4_36

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…One of the most fundamental factors is the flow pattern. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) [80][81][82], laser doppler anemometry [83,84] and laser induced fluorescence [81,85] are suitable for measuring the velocities in a bioreactor and are especially used for stirred bioreactors. For orbitally shaken [86,87] and wave-mixed [88] systems, often only the liquid height or distribution is measured.…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics for Advanced Characterisation of Bioreactors Used in the Biopharmaceutical Industry – Part I: Literature Review

Seidel¹,

Schirmer²,

Maschke³

et al. 2023

Computational Fluid Dynamics - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a widely used tool for investigating fluid flows in bioreactors. It has been used in the biopharmaceutical industry for years and has established itself as an important tool for process engineering characterisation. As a result, CFD simulations are increasingly being used to complement classical process engineering investigations in the laboratory with spatially and temporally resolved results, or even replace them when laboratory investigations are not possible. Parameters that can be determined include the specific power input, Kolmogorov length, hydrodynamic stress, mixing time, oxygen transfer rate, and for cultivations with microcarriers, the NS1 criterion. In the first part of this series, a literature review illustrates how these parameters can be determined using CFD and how they can be validated experimentally. In addition, an overview of the hardware and software typically used for bioreactor characterisation will also be provided, including process engineering parameter investigations from the literature. In the second part of this series, the authors’ research results will be used to show how the process engineering characterisation of mechanically driven bioreactors for the biopharmaceutical industry (stirred, orbitally shaken, and wave-mixed) can be determined and validated using CFD.

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Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics for Advanced Characterisation of Bioreactors Used in the Biopharmaceutical Industry – Part I: Literature Review

Seidel¹,

Schirmer²,

Maschke³

et al. 2023

Computational Fluid Dynamics - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition, since the release and establishment of said document, significant progress has been achieved, especially in terms of measurement technology. (Laser-)Optical methods such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) [3,4], laser induced fluorescence (LIF) [5][6][7] and the shadowgraphy method [8,9] have become the standard for fluid flow investigation, alongside numerical simulations via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Internationally, the encyclopedic Handbook of Industrial Mixing has been published, documenting the progress in understanding mixing processes in recent decades and providing at least some basic construction guidelines for multistage impellers [16,17].…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and Visualization of Flow Fields in Stirred Tank Reactors Using a Fluorescence Tracer Method

Matzke

Behrens

Steins

et al. 2022

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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In this study, flow fields in stirred tank reactors are investigated by a fluorescence tracer method. For these measurements, a fluorescent dye is inserted into a stirred tank reactor and distributed by the impeller flow, following the characteristic main circulation pathways. By this means, the main flow fields can be detected and visualized. Originally developed and used for the investigation of viscoelastic fluids, the method was adapted for Newtonian fluids with low viscosity in this study, with impeller installation height and impeller Reynolds numbers selected as influencing parameters. The resulting flow fields in both single-and double-impeller setups match the known structures from literature excellently. Therefore, the developed fluorescence tracer method has proven to be a promising supplement to the established repertoire of fluid investigation methods, with little effort in both experiment itself as well as the following data analysis steps.

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“…In previous studies, concentration data were often extracted only at a finite number of locations within the vessel, not fully utilizing the potential of the LIF as a whole field technique. Stefan et al [4,14], for example, used six defined locations, whereas Distelhoff et al [15] used eight locations to determine the mixing time for a variety of impeller types. In contrast to that, the experimental setup used in this study is capable of determining the local mixing times for the entire cross-section of the reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to that, the experimental setup used in this study is capable of determining the local mixing times for the entire cross-section of the reactor. The evaluation concept used in this study is based on Bliem's work [4], who developed a MATLAB code to obtain local mixing times across the entire cross-section of the vessel, as well as Stefan et al's study [14], which included the first iteration of a Visual Basic evaluation. This concept is further expanded here, by describing the distribution of the local mixing times as a mathematical function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Mixing Time Distribution and Connected Flow Fields in Two-Stage Stirred Vessels

Matzke,

Ulbricht,

Schultz

2024

Processes

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In this study, laser-induced fluorescence is used to investigate the homogenization in stirred vessels equipped with single- and two-stage stirrers. The acquired local mixing times across the reactor cross-section are plotted as mixing time distribution (MTD) and then compared with the previously measured flow fields of the identical systems. With the help of a novel evaluation method, the mixing times are characterized with a normal distribution fit. With mean value and standard deviation as determined parameters, the mixing results of different installation heights and stirrer combinations are quantitatively evaluated and lead to clear recommendations for installations that enable efficient mixing.

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Use of OpenFOAM® for the Investigation of Mixing Time in Agitated Vessels with Immersed Helical Coils

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Computational Fluid Dynamics for Advanced Characterisation of Bioreactors Used in the Biopharmaceutical Industry – Part I: Literature Review

Computational Fluid Dynamics for Advanced Characterisation of Bioreactors Used in the Biopharmaceutical Industry – Part I: Literature Review

Investigation and Visualization of Flow Fields in Stirred Tank Reactors Using a Fluorescence Tracer Method

Investigation of the Mixing Time Distribution and Connected Flow Fields in Two-Stage Stirred Vessels

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