Use of Object-Oriented Programming to Simulate Human Behavior in Emergency Evacuation of an Aircraft's Passenger Cabin

Court, Mary; Marcus, Jeffrey H.

doi:10.1037/e734942011-001

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is well known that the deceleration forces are within human tolerances in many aeroplane accidents: impact-survivable crashes, single trial is not statistically meaningful. Furthermore certification demonstrations are dangerous and costly (3,(12)(13)(14)(15) . Because of that, civil aviation authorities and aeroplane manufacturers have been promoting the development of evacuation models that could be used for design and certification practices; as well as for aircraft accident analysis (7, .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very few aeroplane evacuation models are described in open literature, none in great detail, and most are not currently in use. Table 2 summarises a set of relevant software developed in relation to cabin evacuation (7,12,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) , which is briefly discussed below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Oklahoma Object Oriented Model (12) was conceived by Court (Oklahoma University) and Marcus (Civil Aero Medical Institute). The idea was to create a framework to handle evacuation simulation software models, both for real emergency cases and certification…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computer model for numerical simulation of emergency evacuation of transport aeroplanes

Hedo¹,

Martínez‐Val

2010

Aeronaut. j.

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emergency landings, aborted take-offs etc. A meaningful fraction of fatalities occurring in these situations is related to fire and toxic environments. Therefore, a key factor for survival is the ability to quickly evacuate the aeroplane (1-3) . To improve passenger and crew safety in such circumstances, airworthiness authorities require manufacturers and operators to meet a number of design and performance standards related to cabin evacuation (4,5) . One of these regulations, albeit quite controversial, is the 90-second rule which requires the demonstration in any new or derivative-type aeroplane that all occupants can safely abandon the aircraft in less than 90s, with half of the usable exits blocked, minimum illumination provided by floor proximity lighting, and a certain age-gender mix in the simulated occupants.The rule was established in 1965 with 120 seconds, and has been evolving over the years to encompass the improvements in escape equipment (3,6) , changes in cabin and seat material (2,7) and more complete and appropriate crew training (1,(8)(9)(10)(11) . A recent amendment to FAR regulations (4) has introduced new exit types and new conditions to perform or assess evacuation demonstrations; although some questions are still open. Table 1 summarises the updated exit types, including the new type B and C categories.The unique objective of the demonstration is to show that the aeroplane can be evacuated in less than 90s under the aforementioned conditions. It does not represent accident scenarios nor is intended for system optimisation. The demonstration only provides an industrial benchmark for consistent evaluation. However, the information provided on the random variable 'evacuation time' by a ABSTRACTThe present paper describes a new, agent-based computer model that can simulate the evacuation of narrow body transport aeroplanes in the conditions prescribed by the airworthiness regulations for certification. The input data are extracted from a complete plan view of the cabin. The results include full egress details of all occupants, passengers and crew-members, and the most significant evacuation figures and diagrams. The model has been tuned and verified with real data of narrow body certification demonstrations. Numerical simulations of six narrow body aircraft, representative of current designs, show the capabilities of the model and provide relevant information on the relationship between cabin features and emergency evacuation results. Although the computer model has been developed for helping in the certification process it would be useful too in the design of new cabins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computer model for numerical simulation of emergency evacuation of transport aeroplanes

Hedo¹,

Martínez‐Val

2010

Aeronaut. j.

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“…Furthermore, no statistical relevance can be deduced from a unique trial, conceived as an industrial benchmark for consistent evaluation. If the high costs and risk of injuries of a real demonstration are added to the former picture, it is easy to understand the existing controversy among authorities, manufacturers, crew members, and public associations [9,[18][19][20][21] about the pertinence of such a rule.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Oklahoma object-oriented model (OOO) [19] was conceived as a join initiative by Oklahoma University and the FAA's Civil Aeromedical Institute to create a framework to handle evacuation simulation software models, both for real emergency cases and for certification trials. However, it was never fully implemented nor validated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Narrow-Body Transport Airplane Evacuation by Numerical Simulation

Hedo

Martínez‐Val

2011

Journal of Aircraft

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This paper presents the results obtained with a new agent-based computer model that can simulate the evacuation of narrow-body transport airplanes in the conditions prescribed by the airworthiness regulations for certification. The model, described in detail in a former paper, has been verified with real data of narrow-body certification demonstrations. Numerical simulations of around 20 narrow-body aircraft, representative of current designs in various market segments, show the capabilities of the model and provide relevant information on the relationship between cabin features and emergency evacuation. The longitudinal location of emergency exits seems to be even more important than their size or the overall margin with respect to the prescribed number and type of exits indicated by the airworthiness requirements.Nomenclature ETR = evacuation time ratio, T eva =90 N att = number of cabin attendants N flg = number of flight crew members N max = maximum number of seats according to number and type of exits in cabin N pax = number of passengers onboard N seat = number of seats in cabin Oxyz = reference system to locate all elements of cabin SCR = seating capacity ratio, N seat =N max T eva = evacuation time, t end t sta , s; also average evacuation time in a series of simulation runs T 95 = 95% confidence interval of evacuation time t end = time point when last occupant reaches ground or safe place t fee = time point when first exit is unoccupied t lea = time point when last exit is operative t sta = time origin of simulation run eva = standard deviation of evacuation time in series of simulation runs, s

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Proposal of simple agent simulation model of airliner evacuation process

Kulakowski

Cwiek

2019

2019 IEEE 14th International Conference on Computer Sciences and Information Technologies (CSIT)

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Use of Object-Oriented Programming to Simulate Human Behavior in Emergency Evacuation of an Aircraft's Passenger Cabin

Abstract: This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof.

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Computer model for numerical simulation of emergency evacuation of transport aeroplanes

Computer model for numerical simulation of emergency evacuation of transport aeroplanes

Assessment of Narrow-Body Transport Airplane Evacuation by Numerical Simulation

Proposal of simple agent simulation model of airliner evacuation process

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