Use of New Solvents for Evaluating Chemical Cellulose for the Viscose Process

Smith, D. K.; Bampton, R. F.; Alexander, W. J.

doi:10.1021/i260005a012

Cited by 37 publications

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“…The M w value of cellulose was estimated by [η] in cadoxene at 25°C. The following equation was used to determine the molecular weight:12 The molecular weight was estimated to be 125,000.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,2‐propanediol–cellulose–acrylamide graft copolymers

Ōnishi

Butler

Hogen‐Esch

2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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1,2-Propanediol-cellulose-acrylamide graft copolymers (PCACs) were developed for enhanced oil recovery. They were prepared with acrylamide and 1,2-propanediol (PDO)-cellulose, which was formed through the addition of glycols to cellulose by the Shotten-Baumann reaction between 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol and cellulose. The graft copolymerization was initiated with a redox system between Ce 4ϩ and glycols in cellulose. The infrared spectrum of PDO-cellulose had some characteristic absorption bands around 2960 ( COH) and 1050 cm Ϫ1 ( COO) that also appeared for the PDO group and pyranose ring of cellulose, respectively. The rate of Ce 4ϩ consumption by PDO-cellulose was investigated through the calculation of the overall kinetic constant from the slopes of ln(D Ϫ D R ) versus time (where D is the absorbance and D R is the absorbance of the original polysaccharide solution) The results showed that PDO-cellulose had high reactivity and that there were two mechanisms of oxidation by Ce 4ϩ with PDO-cellulose.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,2‐propanediol–cellulose–acrylamide graft copolymers

Ōnishi

Butler

Hogen‐Esch

2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The neutral sugar compositions of NFC-carb and NFC-TEMPO suspensions were determined by quantitative saccharification upon acid hydrolysis according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) proceeding guidelines for the determination of structural carbohydrates and lignin in biomass (Sluiter et al 2012). Thin layers of NFCcarb and NFC-TEMPO were oven-dried at 50 °C for 4 h and were finely fragmented with scissors prior to the acid hydrolysis.…”

Section: Nfc Carbohydrate Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The determination of the NFC limiting viscosity [η], was achieved with a cupriethylenediamine (CED) solution as a solvent, using a capillary viscometer according to the ISO 5351 (2012) standard. The degree of polymerization (DP) was calculated using the Mark−Houwink−Sakurada equation [η] = 0.57 × DP (Smith et al 1963).…”

Section: Degree Of Polymerization In Nfc Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofibrillated cellulose rheology: Effects of morphology, ethanol/acetone addition, and high NaCl concentration

Costa

Simões

2019

BioRes

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The effects of ethanol or acetone addition (2.5% to 40% w/w) and high ionic strength (50 mM to 1000 mM NaCl) on the rheology of carboxymethylated (NFC-carb) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized (NFC-TEMPO) nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) suspensions were studied. Morphological characterization and centrifugation showed that NFC-TEMPO had a much finer overall morphology than NFC-carb. Rheological measurements were taken at 1.3 wt% using a stress-controlled rheometer equipped with cone and plate measurement tools with rough surfaces. The dynamic moduli were investigated through oscillatory stress sweeps. The results showed that as little as 2.5% (w/w) of either ethanol or acetone decreased the viscosity and the dynamic moduli, while 40% (w/w) increased the viscosity to values higher than those of the aqueous suspensions, doubled the storage modulus, and extended the gel-like behavior. Increasing the NaCl concentration from 50 mM to 100 mM drastically increased viscosity; moreover, the storage modulus in the elastic region linearly increased with increasing NaCl concentrations in the range of 100 mM to 1000 mM, suggesting the increased content of interparticle bonds with NaCl addition. The elastic domain was also extended from 10 Pa to 50 Pa and above 500 Pa with acetone addition (40%) and NaCl addition, respectively.

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“…Intrinsic viscosity of the solution was measured by a Ubbelohde viscometer in water bath at 25°C. The DP of cellulose was calculated on the basis of Martin-Mark equations (Smith et al 1963):…”

Section: Dp Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective oxidation of cellulose catalyzed by NHPI/Co(OAc)2 using air as oxidant

Zhou

Yang

et al. 2014

Cellulose

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With NHPI/Co(OAc) 2 as catalyst and air as oxidant, carboxylic group functionalized cellulose was prepared by oxidation of cellulose in acetic acid. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized to detect the generation of carboxylic group and the acid amount was determined by acid-base titration method. The present results revealed that C6 primary hydroxyl groups on glucose units were partly converted to carboxylic groups during the catalytic oxidation process. The degree of polymerization of oxidized cellulose, which was determined by viscosity measurement, decreased slightly as compared with its parent. The structure of cellulose was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and it was almost unchanged.

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Use of New Solvents for Evaluating Chemical Cellulose for the Viscose Process

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

1,2‐propanediol–cellulose–acrylamide graft copolymers

1,2‐propanediol–cellulose–acrylamide graft copolymers

Nanofibrillated cellulose rheology: Effects of morphology, ethanol/acetone addition, and high NaCl concentration

Selective oxidation of cellulose catalyzed by NHPI/Co(OAc)2 using air as oxidant

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