Abstract:The 2013 global farmed shrimp production totalled 4.3 million tons, whereas the production of Litopenaeus vannamei as non‐native species represented the 64% of that amount. The risks of introducing non‐native or exotic species are a growing environmental concern. Therefore, the objective of this study was to discuss updated information about the introduction of non‐native species and to evaluate the efficiency indicators of non‐native species in contrast to native ones. The results of a systematic revision of … Show more
“…With the isolated Famennian (Devonian) specimen of Aciculopoda mapesi Feldmann and Schweitzer, 2010, and the previously mentioned Malagasy Penaeidae, for which the dating is rather poorly constrained (Marramà et al, 2017; Laville et al, 2021), the Paris Biota specimens represent some of the oldest occurrences of Dendobranchiata (Schram, 1977, 1980; Schram et al, 1978; Feldmann and Schweitzer, 2010). They therefore fill-in an important gap in the history of this group, from which present-day representatives are well studied for their economic interest (Farfante, 1988; Cervantes-Hernández et al, 2010; Robalino et al, 2016; Fernández de Alaiza García Madrigal et al, 2018), but whose origin remains elusive. Figure 11.Updated stratigraphic ranges of the decapods studied here.…”
We describe here the early Spathian (Early Triassic) Paris Biota decapod fauna from the western USA basin. This fauna contains two taxa of Aegeridae (Dendobranchiata), namely Anisaeger longirostrus n. sp. and Aeger sp. that are the oldest known representatives of their family, thus extending its temporal range by 5 Myr back into the Early Triassic. This fauna also includes two representatives of Glypheida (Pleocyemata) with Litogaster turnbullensis and Pemphix krumenackeri n. sp., confirming for the former and extending for the latter the temporal ranges of their respective superfamilies back to the Early Triassic. Overall, the Paris Biota decapods are some of the oldest known representatives of Decapoda, filling in an important gap in the evolutionary history of this group, especially during the Triassic that marks the early diversification of this clade. Additionally, we compile and provide overviews for all known Triassic decapods, which leads to the revision of four species of Middle and Late Triassic Aegeridae, and to a revised family assignment of a Middle Triassic Glypheida. Based on this refined dataset, we also investigate decapod diversity throughout the Triassic. We show that the apparent increase in decapod taxonomic richness is probably driven by the heterogeneity of the fossil record and/or sampling effort, and that the decapod alpha diversity is actually relatively high as soon as the Early Triassic and remains rather stable throughout the Triassic.
UUID: http://zoobank.org/0f435f27-1767-473d-955c-57fe869faa0f
“…With the isolated Famennian (Devonian) specimen of Aciculopoda mapesi Feldmann and Schweitzer, 2010, and the previously mentioned Malagasy Penaeidae, for which the dating is rather poorly constrained (Marramà et al, 2017; Laville et al, 2021), the Paris Biota specimens represent some of the oldest occurrences of Dendobranchiata (Schram, 1977, 1980; Schram et al, 1978; Feldmann and Schweitzer, 2010). They therefore fill-in an important gap in the history of this group, from which present-day representatives are well studied for their economic interest (Farfante, 1988; Cervantes-Hernández et al, 2010; Robalino et al, 2016; Fernández de Alaiza García Madrigal et al, 2018), but whose origin remains elusive. Figure 11.Updated stratigraphic ranges of the decapods studied here.…”
We describe here the early Spathian (Early Triassic) Paris Biota decapod fauna from the western USA basin. This fauna contains two taxa of Aegeridae (Dendobranchiata), namely Anisaeger longirostrus n. sp. and Aeger sp. that are the oldest known representatives of their family, thus extending its temporal range by 5 Myr back into the Early Triassic. This fauna also includes two representatives of Glypheida (Pleocyemata) with Litogaster turnbullensis and Pemphix krumenackeri n. sp., confirming for the former and extending for the latter the temporal ranges of their respective superfamilies back to the Early Triassic. Overall, the Paris Biota decapods are some of the oldest known representatives of Decapoda, filling in an important gap in the evolutionary history of this group, especially during the Triassic that marks the early diversification of this clade. Additionally, we compile and provide overviews for all known Triassic decapods, which leads to the revision of four species of Middle and Late Triassic Aegeridae, and to a revised family assignment of a Middle Triassic Glypheida. Based on this refined dataset, we also investigate decapod diversity throughout the Triassic. We show that the apparent increase in decapod taxonomic richness is probably driven by the heterogeneity of the fossil record and/or sampling effort, and that the decapod alpha diversity is actually relatively high as soon as the Early Triassic and remains rather stable throughout the Triassic.
UUID: http://zoobank.org/0f435f27-1767-473d-955c-57fe869faa0f
“…With all the economic aspects considered, it is also vastly known that the introduction of this exotic species may lead to the several environmental problems, such as genetic pollution and spread of diseases to natural stocks, producing considerable economic losses and social affections (FAO, 2013;Fernández de Alaiza et al, 2018).…”
To compare the zootechnical performance of the Brazilian native shrimp Penaeus schmitti and the exotic shrimp Penaeus vannamei, juveniles were grown under controlled conditions. Both species were simultaneously cultivated (monoculture) in separate 70 L plastic tanks at two different densities: 30 and 50 ind m-2. Also, in the other two treatments, both species were cultivated together (mixed), with and without feeding, at 30 ind m-2. During the experiment, P. vannamei generally showed a greater interest in food and voracity than P. schmitti. At harvest, for both stocking densities of monoculture treatments, the mean growth rate observed for P. vannamei was 1.0 g week-1, while P. schmitti achieved only 0.1 g week-1. The mean final weight was 10.4 ± 2.0 g; 10.7 ± 2.1 g for P. vannamei and 2.8 ± 0.3 g; 3.2 ± 0.3 g for P. schmitti, for respective densities of 50 and 30 ind m-2. In the mixed treatment with feeding, while P. vannamei reached 11.9 ± 1.4 g, P. schmitti reached only 2.6 ± 0.4 g in the same tank. The observed differences were 3.7 and 3.4 higher in favor of P. vannamei in the monoculture treatment, and up 4.5 times higher in the mixed treatment. Under strict fasting conditions, both species practiced predation/cannibalism among themselves. The results reflected the zootechnical advantages of P. vannamei, but also corroborated the negative effect that high densities and lack of natural food can exert over native species. The potential for P. schmitti cultivation and the possible impact of the escape of P. vannamei into the natural environment is discussed.
Knowledge about the origins and relative levels of genetic variation available in domesticated strains can be used to develop robust synthetic populations for use in stock improvement programs, in particular, where wild stocks are unavailable or the target species is alien. Here, we undertook a case study of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) where we utilised neutral molecular genetic variation data, population structure, and genetic relatedness as an initial step towards producing a base line for a long-term family-selection breeding program in China. The objective was to capture and maximise genetic variation in the base population while at the same-time to control inbreeding levels. Genetic diversity in 1162 individuals from 36 breeding lines sourced from 22 hatcheries with domesticated broodstock available in China was assessed using seven microsatellite loci. Genetic diversity levels in the sampled lines were considered to be healthy, with a mean number of alleles (A) 5.85, ranging from 4.00 in B4 to 12.43 in T1, and mean allelic richness (Ar) 4.46, ranging from 3.35 in B4 to 6.69 in T1 breeds.Mean inbreeding coefficient (Fis) was 0.07 among the 36 lines indicating acceptable levels of inbreeding. Genetic differentiation between lines from different hatcheries was moderate, with a mean FST estimate of 0.09 among all pairs of hatchery lines. Bayesian assignment and phylogenetic analyses indicated that hatchery lines in China could be broadly divided into four groups: i) a line from North America (NA1), originally sourced from Mexico (north Sinaloa) and Ecuador, ii) two representatives of the Kona line developed in Hawaii (Oceanic Institute) (NA2,3), iii) a line developed in Thailand (Southeast Asia 1 (SA1)), and iv) a mixed group containing stocks that originated in Latin America (predominantly from Panama and Colombia) (LA; SA2; CN1,2; NA4,5). From these data, we argue that a complete 4×4 diallel cross (16 crosses) of the four subpopulations should be trialled in China to develop a base line for a family selection breeding program with optimal levels of genetic variation and a relatively low inbreeding coefficient.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
