Use of nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from children in Pakistan for surveillance for antimicrobial resistance

Mastro, Timothy D.; Nomani, Nasreen Khalid; MPHIL,; Ishaq, Zahid; Ghafoor, Abdul; SHAUKAT, NAVEED F.; Esko, E.; Leinonen, Maija; Henrichsen, Jørgen; Breiman, Robert F.; Schwartz, Benjamin; Facklam, Richard R.; Gove, Sandy

doi:10.1097/00006454-199310000-00006

Cited by 133 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…La relación de la colonización invasora con los aislamientos se ha confirmado en algunos casos (10,11). Dadas las dificultades para establecer el diagnóstico etiológico en las neumonías, los aislamientos nasofarín-geos serían de utilidad para conocer los patrones de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana en un área definida y podrían predecir el comportamiento de los aislamientos responsables de cuadros invasivos en la misma zona (19).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Sin embargo, estudios realizados en otros países muestran mayores porcentajes de colonización en niños con neumonía, por ejemplo 51% en Filipinas y 98% en Pakistán (11,22). En Papua Nueva Guinea se han documentado porcentajes de colonización del 100% a los 3 meses de edad (23).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Por tanto, en niños con neumonía, los aislamientos de S. pneumoniae de nasofaringe podrían reflejar el patrón de resistencia antimicrobiana de los gérmenes que causan enfermedad invasora y serían útiles para realizar programas de vigilancia epidemiológica en un área determinada. Esto a su vez permitiría hacer un manejo terapéutico más racional (11).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizante de nasofaringe en niños colombianos con neumonía

Leal¹,

Castañeda²

1997

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizante de nasofaringe en niños colombianos con neumonía

Leal¹,

Castañeda²

1997

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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“…High pneumococcal carriage rates are frequent in developing countries and are often associated with carriage of more than one serotype. In the Gambia, 22% of children carry pneumococci of more than one serotype [16]; in Pakistan [12] the proportion is even higher. The frequency with which multiple carriage occurs is of interest because of the potential for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to disturb the balance between pneumococci of vaccine and non-vaccine serotypes.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Carriagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Highlands of New Guinea, infants are colonised with pneumococci shortly after birth and most young children are carriers [10]. High pneumococcal carriage rates in children have been recorded in several other developing countries including Zambia [11], Pakistan [12], the Philippines [13] and the Gambia [3,14]. In Pakistan, high carriage rates were observed in both urban and rural communities.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Carriagementioning

confidence: 99%

The pneumococcus: carriage, disease and conjugate vaccines

Obaro¹,

Adegbola

2002

Journal of Medical Microbiology

168

104

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Modern biotechnology has made possible the rapid development and introduction into clinical care of a wide spectrum of potent antimicrobial agents. However, the battle against Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) has remained ®erce, as acquisition of resistance is even more rapid and these antimicrobial agents are rendered ineffective. Obtaining appropriate antibiotic treatment for severe invasive pneumococcal infections is now a major challenge in many regions of the world. The ground-breaking success of Haemophilus in¯uenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine has brought hope for the conquest of other capsulate bacteria. Recent results of ef®cacy trials of a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine bring hope that protein conjugate vaccines will have a similar impact on pneumococcal disease. These multivalent vaccine formulations include pneumococcal serotypes that most often acquire antibiotic resistance and there is hope that the widespread application of these vaccines will decrease the incidence of multidrug-resistant infections. The potential reduction of pneumococcal disease could even extend to unimmunised younger siblings and the elderly residing with immunised young children, through its herd effect. However, in view of the multiplicity of serotypes and the biology of the pneumococcus, optimism must be tempered by caution.

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