Use of microscopical techniques in the study of human chondrocytes from osteoarthritic cartilage: An overview

Kourí, Juan B.; Argüello, Carlos; Luna, J.; Mena, Raul

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19980101)40:1<22::aid-jemt4>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Although little difference in cytoskeletal distribution was seen in this study between non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic cells, previous studies with electron and confocal microscopy showed cytoskeletal alterations that were associated with cartilage degeneration. Previous studies have described multiple cell types in normal and diseased cartilage, showing that "clonal cells" found in fibrillated cartilage had varying amounts of cytoskeletal actin and vimentin, as opposed to the non-clonal (i.e., "normal") cells, which always displayed relatively constant amounts of these cytoskeletal proteins [29]. It is important to note that osteoarthritic cartilage is generally lacking a surface, or superficial zone, suggesting that the population of cells studied in this case includes a greater proportion of middle or deep zone cells as compared to non-osteoarthritic cartilage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The role of the cytoskeleton in the viscoelastic properties of human articular chondrocytes

Trickey

Vail

Guilak

2004

Journal Orthopaedic Research

198

170

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Biomechanical factors are believed to play a n important role in regulating the metabolic activity of chondrocytes in articular cartilage. Previous studies suggest that cytoskeletal proteins such as actin, vimentin, and tubulin influence cellular mechanical properties, and may therefore influence the mechanical interactions between the chondrocyte and the surrounding tissue matrix. In this study, we investigated the role of specific cytoskeletal components on the mechanical properties of individual chondrocytes isolated from normal or osteoarthritic hip articular cartilage. Chondrocytes were exposed to a range of concentrations of chemical agents that disrupt the primary cytoskeletal elements (cytochalasin D for F-actin microfilaments, acrylamide for vimentin intermediate filaments, and colchicine for microtubules). Chondrocyte mechanical properties were determined using the micropipette aspiration technique coupled with a viscoelastic solid model of the cell. Chondrocyte stiffness (elastic modulus) was significantly increased with osteoarthritis. With increasing cytochalasin D treatment, chondrocyte stiffness decreased by up to 90%) and apparent viscosity decreased by up to SOYO. The effect of cytochalasin D was greater on normal chondrocytes than those isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage. Treatment with acrylamide also decredsed the moduli and viscosity, but only at the highest concentration tested. No consistent changes in cell mechanical properties were observed with colchicine treatment. These findings suggest that microfilaments and possibly intermediate filaments provide the viscoelastic properties of the chondrocyte, and changes in the structure and properties of these cytoskeletal elements may reflect changes in the chondrocyte with osteoarthritis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The role of the cytoskeleton in the viscoelastic properties of human articular chondrocytes

Trickey

Vail

Guilak

2004

Journal Orthopaedic Research

198

170

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“…Pre-incubation was performed with 0.2% IgG-free bovine serum albumin (Sigma Chemical Co., St Luis, MO) for 20 min at room temperature. Overnight incubation at 4°C with primary antibodies was followed by FITC-tagged anti-mouse and FITC-tagged antirabbit, respectively (6 µg/ml in PBS, Santa Cruz Biotechnology; Santa Cruz, California), for 1 h at room temperature [26,27]. Negative control was achieved by excluding the corresponding primary antibodies from the reaction and Vero cells, which are a fibroblastic cell line, were used as positive control.…”

Section: Immunofluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that different phases of mitosis have never been reported in OA cartilage make us to doubt the existence of chondrocyte cell division (at least in its classical mode) and, consequently, the existence of cell proliferation in OA. We also wondered if OA chondrocytes might remain quiescent at G 2 phase of cell cycle, as previously suggested [13][14][15]. In order to clarify the lost of mitosis phases within the OA cartilage and in turn to ascertain cell proliferation, new strategies are required and the number of chondrocytes within the OA cartilage, as compared to the normal tissue, should also be assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ontogeny of rat chondrocyte proliferation: studies in embryo, adult and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage

Gómez-Camarillo

Kourí

2005

Cell Res

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The aim of this work was to study the ontogeny of chondrocyte cell division using embryo, adult and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage. We searched for mitosis phases and performed a comparative evaluation of mitotic index, basic fibroblast growth factor b (FGFb), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) receptors, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK1) and Cyclin-B expression in fetal, neonate, 3, 5, 8 weeks old rats and experimental OA. Our results showed that mitosis phases were observed in all normal cartilage studied, although, we found a decrease in mitotic index in relation to tissue development. No mitosis was detected in OA cartilage. We also found a statistical significant reduction in cell number in OA cartilage, compared with the normal tissue. Furthermore, FGFb and TGF-β1 receptors diminished in relation to tissue development, and were very scarce in experimental OA. Western blot assays showed CDK-1 expression in all cases, including human-OA cartilage. Similar results were observed for Cyclin-B, except for 8 weeks, when it was not expressed. Our results suggest that cell division seems to be scarce, if not absent within the OA cartilage studied. Nevertheless, the existence of factors essential for cell division leaves open the question concerning chondrocyte proliferation in OA cartilage, which is likely to be present in the early stages of the disease.

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“…Several hypothesis have been advanced to explain the accumulation of these filaments which include: excessive protein pool, degeneration of intracellular components and modification of cytoskeleton in OA. [12][13][14] Meachin (or Meachim?) and Roy stated that such gross deposits probably indicate a degenerative change.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of Chondrocytes in Osteoarthritic Femoral Articular Cartilage

Goyal¹,

Gupta

Joshi

2015

Kathmandu Univ. Med. J.

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BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common problem in elderly, but it is not an inevitable feature of ageing. About 80-90% of individuals of both sexes have radiographic evidence of OA by the time they reach an age of 65. But not all of them have the symptoms like pain and decreased joint motion. ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was conducted to find out whether the osteoarthritic changes in human articular cartilage are similar to the ageing process or not. MethodsFemoral articular cartilage specimens obtained from 13 osteoarthritic patients (52-80years) undergoing total knee replacement and 9 cadavers of same age group (50-80years) (control) were processed and studied under electron microscope. The ultrastructure of the cartilage from the two groups was compared with each other. ResultsUnder the electron microscope, articular cartilage from control group had chondrocytes having a secretary cell characteristic with prominent nucleus and well developed organelles. In osteoarthritic cartilage, degenerating or necrotic chondrocytes were found. Nuclei of these chondrocytes appeared lobulated or indented. Chondrocytes below the fibrillated surface had dilated and irregular endoplasmic reticulum. Electron dense lipid deposits in the extracelluar matrix as well as intracytoplasmic glycogen deposits were much increased in osteoarthritic cartilage as compared to the control group. Amount of perinuclear intracytoplasmic fine filaments was also increased in the chondrocytes of osteoarthritic cartilage. ConclusionUltrastructural findings of the osteoarthritic articular cartilage were much different from the ageing non-osteoarthritic cartilage. Hence, OA should be considered a specific process and not simply an inevitable feature of ageing.

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Use of microscopical techniques in the study of human chondrocytes from osteoarthritic cartilage: An overview

Cited by 51 publications

References 49 publications

The role of the cytoskeleton in the viscoelastic properties of human articular chondrocytes

The role of the cytoskeleton in the viscoelastic properties of human articular chondrocytes

Ontogeny of rat chondrocyte proliferation: studies in embryo, adult and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage

Ultrastructure of Chondrocytes in Osteoarthritic Femoral Articular Cartilage

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