“…Most studies that investigated the immune transcriptome during bacterial infections in fish have used microarrays designed from EST derived from whole genomes in which transcripts of many immune-related genes are often under-represented [12]. To reduce this drawback, we used a custom designed immune-targeted microarray specifically containing transcripts derived from immune-related mRNAs deposited in public gene or pathway data banks [13].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, in the present study, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the spleen and head kidney of rainbow trout experimentally infected with L. garvieae compared with non-inoculated individuals. Moreover, most studies investigating the immune transcriptome have used microarrays designed from expressed sequence tags (EST) derived from whole genomes [12]. A drawback of this approach is that transcripts of many immune-related genes are often under-represented.…”
Lactococcus garvieae
is a significant pathogen in aquaculture with a potential zoonotic risk. To begin to characterize the late immune response of trout to lactococcosis, we selected infected individuals showing clinical signs of lactococcosis. At the time lactococcosis clinical signs appeared, infection by
L. garvieae
induced a robust inflammatory response in the spleen of rainbow trout, which correlated with abundant granulomatous lesions. The response in kidney goes in parallel with that of spleen, and most of the gene regulations are similar in both organs. A correlation existed between the early inflammatory granulomas in spleen (containing macrophages with internalized
L. garvieae
) and up-regulated gene sets, which defined the presence of macrophages and neutrophils. This is the first analysis of the immune transcriptome of rainbow trout following
L. garvieae
infection during the initiation of adaptive immune mechanisms and shows a transcriptome induction of antibody response by both IgM (+) and IgT (+) spleen B cells to respond to systemic infection. These results increase our understanding of lactococcosis and pave the way for future research to improve control measures of lactococcosis on fish farms.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-019-0649-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…Most studies that investigated the immune transcriptome during bacterial infections in fish have used microarrays designed from EST derived from whole genomes in which transcripts of many immune-related genes are often under-represented [12]. To reduce this drawback, we used a custom designed immune-targeted microarray specifically containing transcripts derived from immune-related mRNAs deposited in public gene or pathway data banks [13].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, in the present study, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the spleen and head kidney of rainbow trout experimentally infected with L. garvieae compared with non-inoculated individuals. Moreover, most studies investigating the immune transcriptome have used microarrays designed from expressed sequence tags (EST) derived from whole genomes [12]. A drawback of this approach is that transcripts of many immune-related genes are often under-represented.…”
Lactococcus garvieae
is a significant pathogen in aquaculture with a potential zoonotic risk. To begin to characterize the late immune response of trout to lactococcosis, we selected infected individuals showing clinical signs of lactococcosis. At the time lactococcosis clinical signs appeared, infection by
L. garvieae
induced a robust inflammatory response in the spleen of rainbow trout, which correlated with abundant granulomatous lesions. The response in kidney goes in parallel with that of spleen, and most of the gene regulations are similar in both organs. A correlation existed between the early inflammatory granulomas in spleen (containing macrophages with internalized
L. garvieae
) and up-regulated gene sets, which defined the presence of macrophages and neutrophils. This is the first analysis of the immune transcriptome of rainbow trout following
L. garvieae
infection during the initiation of adaptive immune mechanisms and shows a transcriptome induction of antibody response by both IgM (+) and IgT (+) spleen B cells to respond to systemic infection. These results increase our understanding of lactococcosis and pave the way for future research to improve control measures of lactococcosis on fish farms.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-019-0649-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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