Use of membrane technology for potable water production

Arora, Meenakshi; Maheshwari, R. C.; Jain, Shubham; Gupta, Asha

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2004.02.096

Cited by 105 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Many technologies have been applied to remove fluoride from water: flocculation and electrocoagulation [3,4], chemical precipitation [5], adsorption [6][7][8], ion exchange [9], and membrane technology [10,11]. Among various methodologies, adsorption is found to be more appropriate and attractive in the application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of fluoride onto different types of aluminas

Gong

Liu

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering Journal

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tIn this study, five aluminas were synthesized at different pH and calcination temperatures, and the surface properties and defluoridation performance of aluminas were investigated. Characterization of XRD showed that five aluminas were poorly crystallized with different phases and their anion exchange capacity and the point of zero charge varied with the species of aluminas. The batch experiments (thermodynamics, kinetics and the effect of pH) were conducted to evaluate the fluoride adsorption behavior of different aluminas. For all aluminas, both Langmiur and Freundlich models fitted the adsorption isotherms well and the calculation of thermodynamics showed that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic; the kinetics was well described by the pseudo-second-order model and the weak acidic pH favored the fluoride adsorption. Acidity/basicity of alumina exhibited significant effect on the behaviors of adsorption and the process of ion exchange in fluoride removal. Acidic alumina exhibited higher ion exchange capacity, more positively charged surface, and better defluoridation performance (higher adsorption capacity and quicker removal of fluoride) than basic alumina. Acidic alumina also showed higher efficiency when treating natural ground water without pH adjustment. The difference in the adsorption properties was ascribed to the different exchange sites and the different behaviors of anion exchange. In the case of acidic alumina, more Cl − was exchanged with fluoride and the adsorption/release of OH − was dependent on the initial fluoride concentration. For basic alumina most of exchange sites were provided by OH − and fluoride was removed through the exchange between fluoride and OH − .

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of fluoride onto different types of aluminas

Gong

Liu

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering Journal

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Effect of T on TDS removal is not much but as the value of T increases, decrease in TDS removal is observed, because increase in the T results in decreased viscosity and high rate of water passage through the membrane. Solubility of the solute also increases as the T increases, which may result in higher diffusion rate of solute through the membrane [15]. At each value of T, increase in pH results in permeate flux increase.…”

Section: A Optimization Of Mfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be due to the fact that pressure increases the driving force for the solvent and decreases the osmotic pressure. This results in passage of more amount of water through the membrane and high rate of salt rejection [15].…”

Section: B Effect Of Various Operating Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

MF as Pretreatment of RO for Tertiary Treatment of Biologically Treated Distillery Spentwash

Sharma¹,

Joshi²

2016

IJESD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Biologically treated spentwash from distillery usually contains high chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), color, total dissolved solids (TDS) and other contaminants. In India, reverse osmosis (RO) treatment plants have been installed in many of the distilleries at tertiary treatment, but are not properly working due to fouling problem. To make the membrane process proven and reliable technology, proper pre-treatment is mandatory which not only improve quality of RO permeate but also increase life of RO. In the present study, use of micro-filtration (MF) for pre-treatment of RO has been evaluated at the tertiary treatment stage. Experiments were optimized in terms of different operating parameters viz. initial pH (pH o : 2-10), trans-membrane pressure (1-5 bars) and temperature (15-43°C). Experimental data revealed that the MF could be an effective pre-treatment in removing the pollutants (COD, color and TOC) and improving performance and water recovery (permeate flux) in comparison to RO alone. Removal efficiency for COD, color, TDS and TOC was observed as 31.5%, 42.7% and 27.6% with MF, respectively at optimized conditions with increased permeate flux from 17. LPH (RO) to 32 LPH (MF-RO).Index Terms-Bio-digested distillery spentwash, life cycle assessment, pre-treatment, reverse osmosis, response surface methodology, micro-filtration.

show abstract

“…Concentration of ions in bulk phase can be estimated as the average concentration of ions in feed and in the rejection streams [12,13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Model for Build-Up of Sodium and Calcium Ions in Small Scale Reverse Osmosis

Nasir

2011

MST

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A simple models for predicting build-up of solute on membrane surface were formulated in this paper. The experiments were conducted with secondary effluent, groundwater and simulated feed water in small-scale of RO with capacity of 2000 L/d. Feed water used in the experiments contained varying concentrations of sodium, calcium, combined sodium and calcium. In order to study the effect of sodium and calcium ions on membrane performance, experiments with ground water and secondary effluent wastewater were also performed. Build-up of salts on the membrane surface was calculated by measuring concentrations of sodium and calcium ions in feed water permeate and reject streams using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Multiple linear regression of natural logarithmic transformation was used to develop the model based on four main parameters that affect the build-up of solute in a small scale of RO namely applied pressure, permeate flux, membrane resistance, and feed concentration. Experimental data obtained in a small scale RO unit were used to develop the empirical model. The predicted values of theoretical build-up of sodium and calcium on membrane surface were found in agreement with experimental data. The deviation in the prediction of build-up of sodium and calcium were found to be 1.4 to 10.47 % and 1.12 to 4.46%, respectively.

show abstract

Use of membrane technology for potable water production

Cited by 105 publications

References 16 publications

Adsorption of fluoride onto different types of aluminas

Adsorption of fluoride onto different types of aluminas

MF as Pretreatment of RO for Tertiary Treatment of Biologically Treated Distillery Spentwash

An Empirical Model for Build-Up of Sodium and Calcium Ions in Small Scale Reverse Osmosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About