Use of macroalgae supplemented with probiotics in the Haliotis rufescens (Swainson, 1822) culture in Northern Chile

Abstract

In this study, we evaluate the use of macroalgae as vectors of probiotics bacteria into the digestive tract of abalone to improve their survival and growth. It is shown that when abalone Haliotis rufescens of di¡erent sizes were fed with a natural diet composed of fronds of the macroalga Macrocystis integrifolia supplemented with a mixture of Vibrio sp. C21-UMA, Agarivorans albus F1-UMA and Vibrio sp. F15-UMA bacteria, there was a signi¢cant increase (Po0.05) in the average monthly growth rate and survival (%)in a period of 210 days, compared with the control without a probiotic supplement. The permanence of the probiotics in the digestive tract of the animals was monitored, and it was found that the number of culturable C21-UMA and F1-UMA bacteria decreased signi¢cantly (Po0.05) in recently weaned and adult abalone, and they almost disappeared completely on day 19 of the bioassay. However, the culturableVibrio sp. F15-UMA disappeared completely from the digestive tract on day 22 of the bioassay, and these were the bacteria that remained at the highest concentration compared with the other two bacterial strains over the experimental period. It is therefore shown that it is feasible to use a probiotic mixture to improve the pro¢tability of the H. rufescens culture.

The effect of macroalgal, formulated and combination diets on growth, survival and feed utilisation in the red abalone Haliotis rufescens

“…Nutritional factors cannot entirely be discounted, as rapid growth rates (N 80 μm·day − 1 ) have generally been associated with feeding red macroalgal diets such as Porphyra columbina and Palmaria mollis, either in their wild harvested form or cultured in nutrient rich environments (Demetropoulos and Langdon, 2004;Evans and Langdon, 2000;Garcia-Esquivel and Felbeck, 2006). Previous studies where juvenile H. rufescens were fed a single species of brown macroalgae (M. pyrifera, Macrocystis integrifolia or Laminaria digitata) have reported growth rates in the range of 15-123 μm·day −1 (Corazani and Illanes, 1998;Garcia-Esquivel and Felbeck, 2006;Hernandez et al, 2009;Silva-Aciares et al, 2011;Trevelyan et al, 1998;Vivanco-Aranda et al, 2011). The growth rate of 49 μm·day −1 for the MD treatment in this study compares favourably with these previous studies.…”

“…Furthermore, hydrolysis products from enzymatic polysaccharide digestion, such as mannooligosaccharides from manna, have shown prebiotic microflora modulation in humans (Dhawan and Kaur, 2007). Probiotic manipulation of the gut microflora in abalone has shown promising results for animal health, nutritional physiology and growth (Iehata et al, 2009(Iehata et al, , 2010Macey and Coyne, 2005;Silva-Aciares et al, 2011;Ten Doeschate and Coyne, 2008). Of particular interest in these studies are the elevated digestive enzyme activities associated with the administration of probiotics.…”

Exploring the hologenome concept in marine bivalvia: haemolymph microbiota as a pertinent source of probiotics for aquaculture

“…Vibrio genus has been described to be a natural flora in bivalve and crustacean haemolymph (Faury et al, 2004;Gay et al, 2004;Gomez-Gil et al, 2010). The antibacterial as well as probiotic ability of this genus has been described (Riquelme et al, 1997(Riquelme et al, , 2001Mansson et al, 2011;Silva-Aciares et al, 2011). Table 2.…”

Probiotic Biofilms

“…and the plant growth promoter bacteria (PGPB) Azospirillum brasilense, both bound and immobilized in alginate beads [116]. Each unit in this technological model, a single polymer sphere, contains within cavities that serve as matrix for the folding of microalgae and bacteria [66,78,119]. Additionally, the entrapment of microorganisms may also be within the solid matrix polymer of the polymeric sphere.…”