Use of Lysozyme as a Feed Additive on In vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Emission

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effect of lysozyme addition on in vitro rumen fermentation and to identify the lysozyme inclusion rate for abating methane (CH4) production. An in vitro ruminal fermentation technique was done using a commercial concentrate to rice straw ratio of 8:2 as substrate. The following treatments were applied wherein lysozyme was added into 1 mg dry matter substrate at different levels of inclusion: Without lysozyme, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 U lysozyme. Results revealed that, lysozyme addition had a significant effect on pH after 24 h of incubation, with the highest pH (p<0.01) observed in 8,000 U lysozyme, followed by the 4,000 U, 2,000 U, and without lysozyme. The highest amounts of acetic acid, propionic acid (p<0.01) and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) (p<0.05) were found in 8,000 U after 24 h of incubation. The CH4 concentration was the lowest in the 8,000 U and the highest in the without lysozyme addition after 24 h of incubation. There was no significant differences in general bacteria, methanogen, or protozoan DNA copy number. So far, addition of lysozyme increased the acetate, propionate, TVFA, and decreased CH4 concentration. These results suggest that lysozyme supplementation may improve in vitro rumen fermentation and reduce CH4 emission.

Dynamic changes in salivation, salivary composition, and rumen fermentation associated with duration of high-grain feeding in cows

“…Mucins and lysozyme are intensively studied in oral human health, but there is a paucity of research on how they may be affected by diet (Emery et al, 1960), and there is a lack of information on their relevance for cattle health. Results from Biswas et al (2016) showing that addition of lysozyme enhanced pH and reduced methane in vitro indicate a microbial-modulating effect of lysozyme in cattle. However, because the lysozyme concentration and activity tended to decrease after the meal, further in vivo research is needed to evaluate the relevance of lysozyme activity on the modulation of the rumen microbiome in cattle.…”

“…Saliva contains a variety of different proteins with specific biological functions including mucins, lysozymes, and immunoglobulins (Bartley, 1976). Previous research in cattle has indicated the importance of specific salivary components such as foam-dispersing properties of mucin (Bartley and Yadava, 1961), as well as methane-inhibiting and fermentation-enhancing properties of lysozyme in vitro (Biswas et al, 2016). Studies evaluating dietary effects on these salivary bioactive components in cattle are largely lacking in the literature, and it is not clear if the salivary secretions of mucins and lysozyme are affected by grain-rich feeding and its duration.…”

Seasonal Influence on Rumen Microbiota, Rumen Fermentation, and Enteric Methane Emissions of Holstein and Jersey Steers under the Same Total Mixed Ration

“…CH 4 is an indicator of dietary gross energy losses, and it has a negative environmental impact contributing to global warming [ 23 , 24 ]. Previous studies revealed that several factors, including diet, feed additives, host genetics, age, and physiological state affect the rumen microbiomes, rumen fermentation characteristics, and CH 4 production [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. O’Hara et al [ 28 ] reported an association between the rumen microbiome and its fermentation products with feed efficiency and CH 4 emissions.…”

A Combinational Strategy for Effective Heterologous Production of Functional Human Lysozyme in Pichia pastoris

“…Lysozyme possesses properties for bacterial killing and inflammation elimination, and also is found to prompt virus inactivation (Ferrari et al, 1959;Khalil et al, 1989). It has been used to replace antibiotics as food additives to inhibit bacterial growth, feed additives to prevent feed mildew, and also as antiinfection agent in pharmaceutics (Jollès and Jollès, 1984;Hughey et al, 1989;Biswas et al, 2016). Chicken lysozyme is widely used, while its bacteriolytic activity is almost four times lower than that of human lysozyme (hLYZ) (Ercan and Demirci, 2016).…”