Use of liquid metals in nuclear and thermonuclear engineering, and in other innovative technologies

Rachkov, V. I.; Arnol'dov, M. N.; Efanov, A. D.; Kalyakin, S. G.; Kozlov, F. A.; Loginov, N. I.; Orlov, Yu. I.; Сорокин, А. П.

doi:10.1134/s0040601514050085

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is a downside of utilizing helium as the heating fluid (Baindur, 2008). The same safety issue exists in lithiumcontaining molten salts or liquid metals, because lithium may absorb neutrons to produce tritium and helium (Qiao et al, 2014;Atlas et al, 2012;Rachkov et al, 2014).…”

Section: Intermediate Working Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hazard analysis and safety assurance for the integration of nuclear reactors and thermochemical hydrogen plants

Wang

Secnik

Naterer

2015

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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Section: Intermediate Working Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hazard analysis and safety assurance for the integration of nuclear reactors and thermochemical hydrogen plants

Wang

Secnik

Naterer

2015

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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“…In addition to solving our own energy problems, this will make our country competitive on the world market for high technologies, and it will maintain our leading position in the nuclear field [7,8]. The first step in this strategy is to implement the Federal Targeted Program "New-Generation Nuclear Energy Technologies for the Period 2010-2015 and the Period up to 2020" [9].…”

Section: Development and Construction Of Nuclear Power Facilities Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the First npp to Large-Scale Nuclear Power

Goverdovskii

Rachkov

2014

At Energy

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The advancement of domestic research and development work on reactor technologies from the world's first NPP built in Obninsk to modern fast reactors with liquid-metal coolants is analyzed. The contribution of the Institute for Physics and Power Engineering to the development of a strategy for the advancement of large-scale nuclear power based on a closed nuclear fuel cycle with fast reactors is examined. It is noted that a scientific and technical base now exists for implementing our country's initiative for securing sufficient energy for stable development of the world and the global infrastructure for nuclear power based on a network of international nuclear fuel centers and expanded exports of new-generation nuclear power plants with thermal and fast reactors including an attractive package of NFC services. The basic problems are formulated within the framework of the future development of reactor technologies for improving the safety and cost-effectiveness of NPPs with new-generation fast reactors which are now in operation or being designed.The successful startup on June 27, 1954 in Obninsk of the world's first NPP became the most important landmark in the development of world nuclear power and a reference point of the transition to peaceful uses of atomic energy [1,2].More than 120 designs of different nuclear power plants were developed under the scientific supervision of the Leipunskii Institute for Physics and Power Engineering (FEI). Among them were the world's first fast power reactor BN-350, the fast reactor BN-600 operating in the Urals power system, the pulsed fast reactor IBR (Dubna), a series of nuclear submarines with nuclear power setups cooled by molten lead-bismuth (designs 645, 705) and the converter reactors BUK and TOPAZ for use in space. This enabled our country to take a leading position in fast-reactor technology in the world.The work performed at the FEI is now focused on scientific research for validating the development of nuclear reactors cooled by liquid metals. In addition, the FEI holds an important position in development work associated with water cooled and moderated reactors. The Institute performs research in nuclear physics, the physics of nuclear reactors, thermal physics and hydraulics, corrosion of structural materials, radiation materials science, technology of liquid-metal coolants, chemistry and radiochemistry as well as other fields of nuclear science and engineering. To perform such research, the FEI employs highly trained cadres and modern experimental resources. The Institute works in cooperation with many institutes, design organizations, and nuclear industry organizations.NPP with Channel, Water-Graphite, and Water Moderated and Cooled Reactors Development and startup of the first NPP. By the time that the work on the world's first NPP was transferred to Laboratory V, which subsequently became the FEI, only the overall design features of the AM reactor were determined. Many physical, technical, and technological problems remained to be solved. First and foremost...

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“…The results of the above studies made it possible to develop and practically implement the instruments and systems to support successful operation of conceptually new NPPs (Rachkov et al 2014). Alkali liquid metals have been used or considered as promising coolants in nuclear and thermonuclear power, including sodium, an eutectic sodium-potassium alloy, lithium, an eutectic lithium-lead alloy, potassium, and cesium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study into the physical chemistry and technology of alkali liquid metal coolants for nuclear and thermonuclear power plants

Сорокин¹,

Kuzina²,

Ashadullin³

et al. 2023

NUCET

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It is shown that, as the result of developing alkali liquid metal coolants, including sodium, eutectic sodium-potassium alloy, lithium and cesium, the scientific basis has been established for their application in nuclear power. The paper presents data from investigations of thermophysical, neutronic and physicochemical properties and characteristics of various alkali liquid metal coolants, the content of solid-phase and dissolved impurities in coolants, mass transport of impurities in circulation circuits with alkali liquid metal coolants, development of systems for removal of impurities, and control of the content of impurities in alkali liquid metal coolants. Alkali liquid metal coolants are considered as a part of a system that includes a structural material in contact with the coolant, and a gas space that compensates for the thermal expansion of the coolant. The state of the system is defined by the physicochemical properties of the system’s components. And the coolant and the structural materials also represent subsystems consisting of a base material, a coolant and impurities contained both in the material and in the coolant. It has been shown that each alkali liquid metal coolant has its own set of impurities that define its technology. It depends on the physicochemical properties of the solution of the structural material impurities and components in the coolant. Objectives have been formulated for investigating further alkali liquid metal coolants, as stemming from the need to improve the efficiency, environmental friendliness, reliability and safety, and for extending the life of nuclear power plants in operation or under design. Alkali liquid metals are promising candidate materials for being used in thermonuclear power not only as the coolant but also as the tritium breeding medium. These include, first of all, lithium and its eutectic alloy with lead (17 at. % of lithium). The possibility for using lithium or a lithium-lead alloy as a coolant in the blanket of the international thermonuclear power reactor is compared.

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Use of liquid metals in nuclear and thermonuclear engineering, and in other innovative technologies

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Hazard analysis and safety assurance for the integration of nuclear reactors and thermochemical hydrogen plants

Hazard analysis and safety assurance for the integration of nuclear reactors and thermochemical hydrogen plants

From the First npp to Large-Scale Nuclear Power

Study into the physical chemistry and technology of alkali liquid metal coolants for nuclear and thermonuclear power plants

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Use of liquid metals in nuclear and thermonuclear engineering, and in other innovative technologies

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Hazard analysis and safety assurance for the integration of nuclear reactors and thermochemical hydrogen plants

Hazard analysis and safety assurance for the integration of nuclear reactors and thermochemical hydrogen plants

From the First npp to Large-Scale Nuclear Power

﻿Study into the physical chemistry and technology of alkali liquid metal coolants for nuclear and thermonuclear power plants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Study into the physical chemistry and technology of alkali liquid metal coolants for nuclear and thermonuclear power plants