Use of Light-Off Catalysts to Meet the California LEV/ULEV Standards

Summers, James; Skowron, John F.; Miller, Michael

doi:10.4271/930386

Cited by 58 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…On the other hand, most exhaust gas components would be untreated in TWC, when the exhaust temperature is below the light-off temperature. 2 Some relevant surveys have confirmed that, for typical driving routes, 60%–80% of the total emissions of HC and CO in the test cycle are emitted during the warm-up (1–2 min) 3–5 for the emission standard in 1990s. For the Euro 3 and 4 emission standards the emission escaped during the first 40 s after the engine starts which accounts for about 80% of total emission amount in the whole test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Numerical study of ceramic catalytic turbine technology for emission reduction during vehicle warm-up

Wang

Tan

Sun³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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Ceramic Catalytic Turbine (CCT) Technology is expected to become an important means to reduce vehicle emissions, especially during engine warm-up. In this paper, catalytic reaction was numerically simulated in 3D for a CCT on a gasoline engine during the warm-up period. The results showed that turbulence in the turbine promotes catalytic activity; CCT starts to significantly affect exhaust pollution since turbine inlet temperature of 550 K; the conversion efficiency of harmful gas in exhaust rises sharply when turbine inlet reaches 575–625 K; when the inlet temperature is about 720 K, the conversion efficiencies of C3H6, CO, and NO reach 23.7%, 21.1%, and 15.5%, respectively. Meanwhile the gas temperature is increased by about 30 K at turbine outlet. In addition, during the process of numerical modeling and calculation, it is found that minor change in boundary layer thickness has a negligible impact on the simulation. However, an extremely thin boundary layer will cause computational divergence. The intensity of catalytic reaction can influence the convergence of numerical calculation, while the moving average of the catalytic reaction with the turbine inlet temperature, in return, can reveal the catalytic light-off process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Numerical study of ceramic catalytic turbine technology for emission reduction during vehicle warm-up

Wang

Tan

Sun³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…This is attributed mainly to the reduction of the heat capacity of the substrate, which is obviously more pronounced in the larger volumes. Naturally, the optimum design of pre-catalyst systems should take into account other important factors including the impact on total NO emissions, pre-catalyst durability and cost aspects (26). Therefore, each specific case should be appropriately optimized, starting with simulations and finally confirming the computational results with experiments.…”

Section: Pre-catalystmentioning

confidence: 98%

Computer aided assessment and optimization of catalyst fast light-off techniques

Konstantinidis

Koltsakis

Stamatelos

1997

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Strict future legislation standards are forcing the car industry to employ new techniques for reducing exhaust gas emissions. Most of these techniques focus on accelerating the appearance of catalyst light-off and are thus called fast light-off techniques (FLTs). Optimized exhaust systems comprising FLTs will be able to meet the forthcoming legislation standards for the United States [low emissions vehicle (LEV) and ultra-low emissions vehicle (ULEV)] and the European Union (Stage III). The most promising active and passive FLT systems are briefly reviewed. Computer aided optimization of such systems can be realized with the help of specific computational tools, which are briefly presented in this paper, and according to a concept optimization methodology, which is also discussed. The results indicate an increased sensitivity of FLT systems' performance over the selected values of certain design and operating parameters that were featured in the examples presented. Moreover, by comparing the computational results with knowledge gained from experiments and testing, the paper indicates that, given the suitable computational tools, the optimization procedure can take place in a most cost-effective manner by substituting many experiments with computer test case runs.

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“…Historically, California has been the pioneer of administrative innovations (Audretsch and Feldman 1996). For instance, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) initiated the Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) program as early as 1990 with the objective of significantly reducing emission from passenger fleet vehicles (Summers, Skowron, and Miller, 1993). Bunch and colleagues (1993) used discrete-choice nested MNL models for vehicle choice and binomial logit models for fuel choice to determine derived demand for clean-fuel vehicles in California.…”

Section: Characterizing the Segments And Comparing The Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Wine from Old Grapes: Innovation in the Eco-Friendly B2C Space

Chaudhuri

Calantone²,

Randhawa

2015

Journal of International Consumer Marketing

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The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.

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Use of Light-Off Catalysts to Meet the California LEV/ULEV Standards

Cited by 58 publications

References 16 publications

Numerical study of ceramic catalytic turbine technology for emission reduction during vehicle warm-up

Numerical study of ceramic catalytic turbine technology for emission reduction during vehicle warm-up

Computer aided assessment and optimization of catalyst fast light-off techniques

New Wine from Old Grapes: Innovation in the Eco-Friendly B2C Space

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