Use of laser nephelometry in the measurement of serum proteins.

Deaton, C.; Maxwell, Kameron W.; Smith, R S; Creveling, R L

doi:10.1093/clinchem/22.9.1465

Cited by 128 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, the colostrum samples were taken immediately after birth. In our studies, only a viscous solution of BSA was an acceptable diluent; this is in agreement with DEATON et al (1976) who reported different diffusion properties in gel if the viscosity of a sample changes. On the other hand, samples with a very small amount of immunoglobulins, such as milk and pre-suckling foal sera, give weak precipitations and so make it difficult to differentiate between real immunoglobulin and non-specific precipitation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In nephelometric assays used in immunology, the precipitation reaction is carried out in a solution and the concentration of the antigen is determined by measuring the light scattering of the antigen-antibody-complexes. This quantitative analysis of specific proteins, first described by LIBBY (1938), was later used to measure immunoglobulins and other serum proteins by various authors (LINZANA and HELLSING, 1974;DEATON et al, 1976;HENKEL, 1977; BERGMANN and WIESNER, 1978; and others). A monospecific antiserum diluted in a phosphate buffer is mixed with the diluted sample in a cuvette.…”

Section: Principle Of Nephelometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Nephelometry and Single Radial Immunodiffusion for the Determination of IgG and IgM Concentrations in Newborn Foals and their Dams¹

Eisenhauer

Lambrecht

Petzoldt

et al. 1984

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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Summary A total of 225 sera, 45 colostral and 45 milk samples were taken from 45 mares and their foals at parturition and in the first week post partum. Total protein values of the samples were estimated by the Biuret method and concentrations of IgG and IgM were determined by nephelometry and by single radial immunodiffusion and the results were compared. A good correlation was found between the results of the two tests but both techniques have some drawbacks. The nephelometric method is costly and requires higher quality antisera than are at present available commercially. Zusammenfassung Vergleich von Nephelometrie und einfacher radialer Immunodiffusion zur Bestimmung der IgG‐ und IgM‐Konzentration in neugeborenen Fohlen und ihren Müttern 225 Serum‐, 45 Kolostrum‐ und 45 Milchproben von 45 Stuten und ihren Fohlen zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt und in der ersten Woche post partum gemessen. Der Gesamtproteingehalt der Proben wurde mit der Biuretmethode bestimmt und die IgG‐ und IgM‐Konzentration vergleichend mit der Nephelometrie und der einfachen radialen Immunodiffusion gemessen. Es konnte eine gute Korrelation der Ergebnisse für IgG und IgM zwischen den beiden Testsystemen gefunden werden, doch haben beide Methoden einige Unzulänglichkeiten. Résumé Comparaison de la néphelométrie et d'une immunodiffusion radiale simple pour la détermination des concentrations en IgG et IgM chez des poulains nouveaux‐nés et leurs mères On a mesuré 225 échantillons de sérums, de colostrum et de lait chez 45 juments et leurs poulains au moment de la naissance et dans la première semaine post partum. Le taux total des protéines a été déterminé par la méthode de Biuret et la concentration des IgG et IgM en comparaison avec la néphelométrie et une immunodiffusion radiale simple. Les deux tests ont donné une bonne corrélation pour les IgG et les IgM, mais les deux méthodes ont présenté quelques insuffisances. Resumen Comparación de la nefelometría e inmunodifusión radial simple para determinar las concentraciones de IgG e IgM en potros recien nacidos y en sus madres Se valoraron 225 muestras de suero sanguíneo, 45 de calostro y 45 de leche de yeguas y de sus potros en el momento del parto y en las semanas primeras post partum. El contenido en proteínas totales de las muestras se determinó con el método del biuret, y las concentraciones de IgG e IgM comparativamente con la nefelometría y la inmunodifusión radial simple. Se pudo establecer una correlación buena de los resultados para IgG e IgM entre ambos sistemas de pruebas, pero hay que advertir que ambas técnicas tienen algunas insuficiencias.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Principle Of Nephelometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Nephelometry and Single Radial Immunodiffusion for the Determination of IgG and IgM Concentrations in Newborn Foals and their Dams¹

Eisenhauer

Lambrecht

Petzoldt

et al. 1984

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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“…IgG, IgM and IgA were measured with a Hyland Laser Nephelometer PDQ by the methods described by the manufacturer and using standards for the immunoglobulins supplied in kit form for use with this equipment. The principles involved and reliability of quantitation of immunoglobulins by these methods are described elsewhere (Deaton et al, 1976).…”

Section: Measurement Of Immunoglobulinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low natural killer‐cell activity and immunoglobulin levels associated with smoking in human subjects

Ferson

Edwards

Lind

et al. 1979

Intl Journal of Cancer

248

119

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Previous studies have shown that smoking i s associated with a high incidence of certain malignancies and a high incidence of metastatic spread of melanoma. The purpose of the present study was t o examine whether this high incidence of malignancy could be associated with certain aspects of immune function believed to be important in restricting tumour growth. Age-and sex-matched smoking and non-smoking normal subjects and male, smoking and non-smoking melanoma patients, were studied for the natural killing (NK) activity of their blood leukocytes against cultured melanoma and Chang cells. The levels of the various immunoglobulin classes in their sera and the E rosette levels of the normal subjects were also assessed. The results indicate that the N K activity of blood leukocytes from both normal subjects and melanoma patients who smoked was significantly lower against cultured melanoma cells than that of non-smokers. Smokers were also shown t o have lower IgG and IgA immunoglobulin levels i n their sera compared t o nonsmokers but no differences i n the percentage of E-rosetting (T) cells was detected. Recent studies provide some basis for the belief that the low N K activity and immunoglobulin levels i n smokers may be related. These results further suggest that a closer examination of the effects of this environmental hazard on the immune system and i t s relation t o malignancy i s needed.It is well known that smoking is associated with a raised incidence of a variety of malignant diseases such as carcinoma of the lung, oesophagus and bladder (Doll and Peto, 1976). It has also been shown that there is a higher incidence of metastatic disease, after 5 years, in male patients with malignant melanomas who smoke, than in those who are nonsmokers (Shaw et al., 1979). The underlying cause for this association between smoking and the increased incidence of malignancy is unknown and it is probable that multiple factors may be involved, including direct carcinogenic effects of products formed from tobacco during smoking.One of the possible associations, however, that has received little attention, is that related to the effects of smoking on the immune system. There is much experimental evidence from studies on both man and animals to show that smoking causes changes in the immune system (Holt and Keast, 1977) and surveillance by the immune system is considered important in control of tumour emergence and growth.In particular, recent studies have suggested that natural killer (NK) activity may play an important role in tumour surveillance (Kiessling and Haller, 1978; Baldwin, 1977; Hersey, 1979). Research originating in this laboratory has provided additional support for a surveillance role for NK cells in that melanoma patients with low post-operative NK activity against melanoma target cells had a significantly higher incidence of recurrence of melanoma than did patients with higher post-operative NK activity (Hersey et al., 1978).The present study was undertaken to determine whether an association between smoking a...

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“…Immunoglobulin measurements. IgG and IgM were quantitated in cryoprecipitates by nephelometry with the Laser Nephelometer "PDQ" (Hyland Laboratories Inc., Costa Mesa, CA) (22) and the supplied standardized reagents .…”

Section: Fractionation Of Cryoprecipitatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Fibronectin on Cryoprecipitate Formation in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Beaulieu¹,

Valet²,

Strévey³

1981

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Fibronectin, a human fibroblast surface and plasma protein, is present in cryoprecipitates of synovial fluids and/or sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, and mixed essential cryoglobulinemia. Fibronectin was shown to be capable of influencing cryoprecipitate formation. No antibodies to fibronectin could be detected, thus ruling out the possibility that it was directly involved in the formation of cold‐insoluble antigen—antibody complexes. Fibrinogen or fibrinogen degradation products were frequently present in synovial fluid cryoprecipitates but rarely in serum cryoprecipitates. Since complexes of fibronectin—fibrin—fibrinogen are known to be cold‐insoluble, such interactions could occur in synovial fluids and contribute to the formation of cryoprecipitates. In serum, however, this is not likely to occur, and the mechanism by which fibronectin influences cryoprecipitate formation remains to be elucidated.

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Use of laser nephelometry in the measurement of serum proteins.

Cited by 128 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of Nephelometry and Single Radial Immunodiffusion for the Determination of IgG and IgM Concentrations in Newborn Foals and their Dams¹

Comparison of Nephelometry and Single Radial Immunodiffusion for the Determination of IgG and IgM Concentrations in Newborn Foals and their Dams¹

Low natural killer‐cell activity and immunoglobulin levels associated with smoking in human subjects

The Influence of Fibronectin on Cryoprecipitate Formation in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Use of laser nephelometry in the measurement of serum proteins.

Cited by 128 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of Nephelometry and Single Radial Immunodiffusion for the Determination of IgG and IgM Concentrations in Newborn Foals and their Dams1

Comparison of Nephelometry and Single Radial Immunodiffusion for the Determination of IgG and IgM Concentrations in Newborn Foals and their Dams1

Low natural killer‐cell activity and immunoglobulin levels associated with smoking in human subjects

The Influence of Fibronectin on Cryoprecipitate Formation in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Comparison of Nephelometry and Single Radial Immunodiffusion for the Determination of IgG and IgM Concentrations in Newborn Foals and their Dams¹

Comparison of Nephelometry and Single Radial Immunodiffusion for the Determination of IgG and IgM Concentrations in Newborn Foals and their Dams¹