Use of Lanthanum to Trace Apoplastic Solute Transport in Intact Plants

Peterson, T. A.; Swanson, Elizabeth S.; Hull, Richard T.

doi:10.1093/jxb/37.6.807

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Apart from other heavy metals such as gold and uranium, lanthanum has been successfully used to mark pathways of ion transport across the apoplast of roots and leaves from a number of plant species including barley (Thomson et al 1973;Robards and Robb 1974;Peterson et al 1986). However, there are localization dierences depending on the lanthanum compound, as colloidal lanthanum hydroxide, in contrast to watersoluble lanthanum, is also detectable in the symplast (Robards and Robb 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its numerous interactions with ®xed negative charges of cell walls and membrane surfaces may be responsible for the successful exclusion of lanthanum from symplastic uptake. Only after a long time of La 3+ exposure (6±18 h) was lanthanum also found in pinocytotic vesicles, vacuoles and in the endoplasmic reticulum (Peterson et al 1986;Lazzaro and Thomson 1992). Such properties in combination with its high atomic mass (z = 57) allow lanthanum to be used in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies as an electron-opaque tracer to delineate apoplastic pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical electron microscopical investigations on the apoplastic pathways of lanthanum transport in barley roots

Lehmann

Stelzer

Holzamer

et al. 2000

Planta

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In transmission electron microscopy studies, lanthanum ions have been used as electron-opaque tracers to delineate the apoplastic pathways for ion transport in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) roots. To localize La3+ on the subcellular level, e.g. in cell walls and on the surface of membranes, electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and electron-spectroscopic imaging were used. Seminal and nodal roots were exposed for 30 min to 1 mM LaCl3 and 10 mM LaCl3, respectively. In seminal roots, possessing no exodermis, La3+ diffusion through the apoplast was stopped by the Casparian bands of the endodermis. In nodal roots with an exodermis, however, La3+ diffusion through the cortical apoplast had already stopped at the tight junctions of the exodermal cell walls resembling the Casparian bands of the endodermis. Therefore, we conclude that in some specialized roots such as the nodal roots of barley, the physiological role of the endodermis is largely performed by the exodermis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical electron microscopical investigations on the apoplastic pathways of lanthanum transport in barley roots

Lehmann

Stelzer

Holzamer

et al. 2000

Planta

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“…An electron microscopic study revealed that REEs enter the apoplasm of root meristems and move from there to the stele of the root and to the shoots of intact Hordeum vulgare L., Salicornia virginica L., and Spartina alteniflora Loisel [19]. Lanthanum was only detected in the root cell cytosol when plants were exposed to high concentration of lanthanum for long periods of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lanthanum was only detected in the root cell cytosol when plants were exposed to high concentration of lanthanum for long periods of time. However, this was ascribed to be a toxic response [19]. REEs were also found in the cytoplasmic fraction of plant cells [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation and uptake of light rare earth elements in a hyperaccumulator Dicropteris dichotoma

et al. 2003

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Dicropteris dichotoma, a natural perennial fern, grows in acidic soil in southern China. It hyperaccumulates several light rare earth elements La, Ce, Pr and Nd (LREEs) up to about 0.7% of its dry leaf biomass. Through electron microscopic and X-ray microanalyses, LREEs deposits were observed in the cell wall, intercellular space, plasmalemma, vesicles and vacuoles of the root endodermis and stele cells but not in the Casparian band of the fern adventitious root. In addition, LREE deposits were observed in the phloem and xylem of the fern rhizome. These results indicate that at least a portion of the LREEs can be transported symplastically. Histidine and organic acids appear to play a role in stimulating the accumulation of LREEs. This was evident in ferns cultivated in soil amended by histidine, malic and citric acids over a 60-day period. Concentrations of LREEs in D. dichotoma leaves increased by 21-78% as opposed to control, which only increased by 6-10%. While this suggests that histidine and organic acids promote the uptake and sequestration of LREEs in D. dichotoma, the enhancement mechanism of each acid appears to differ. Histidine promoted sequestration of LREEs by forming complexes with LREEs in cells. Organic acids, however, increased the release of LREE from soil, and the uptake of LREEs by fern roots. Most of the LREEs (81-89%) in the cell wall are the result of one of these mechanisms involved in LREE hyperaccumulation. Mass analysis indicated that the molecular weight of LREE-binding peptides was approximately 2000.

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“…Whether REEs penetrate into the cytoplasm of animal or plant is a contentious question. The studies of calcium ion transport and its inhibitor in eukaryotic cells show that REEs can not penetrate into cytoplasm of the living cell (Peterson et al 1986). Studies on the distribution of REEs in bacteria (Bayer andBayer 1991, Merroun et al 2003) and erythrocytes (Yi et al 1999) indicate that REEs can not only penetrate into cytoplasm of bacteria and algae, which accumulate large amounts of REEs, but penetrate also into human cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosystem 2 activities of hyper-accumulator Dicranopteris dichotoma Bernh from a light rare earth elements mine

Wang

He²,

Bai

et al. 2006

Photosynt.

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The distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) in the fern Dicranopteris dichotoma Bernh plants from a light rare earth elements mine (LRM) and a non-mining (NM) area in Longnan county of Jiangxi province, China were investigated by means of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The photosynthetic characteristics of D. dichotoma were studied by chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence kinetics. Contents of REEs in the lamina and the root of D. dichotoma were higher than those in soils, and were mainly distributed in lamina. A part of them was found in the chloroplast. By comparing with D. dichotoma from NM area, the efficiency of photosystem 2 photochemistry and electron transport rate were significantly enhanced in lamina of the plant from LRM because most of REEs deposits were distributed along cell wall, in vacuole, and in chloroplast. High contents of REEs in lamina did not decrease the photosynthetic activities in LRM plants of D. dichotoma. Besides, D. dichotoma could change its β-carotene content to avoid the damaging effect of high REEs content.

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Use of Lanthanum to Trace Apoplastic Solute Transport in Intact Plants

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Analytical electron microscopical investigations on the apoplastic pathways of lanthanum transport in barley roots

Analytical electron microscopical investigations on the apoplastic pathways of lanthanum transport in barley roots

Accumulation and uptake of light rare earth elements in a hyperaccumulator Dicropteris dichotoma

Photosystem 2 activities of hyper-accumulator Dicranopteris dichotoma Bernh from a light rare earth elements mine

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